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Self-efficacy beliefs shape learners’ speaking performance through multiple dimensions, making speaking confidence and reduced anxiety central goals for higher education. This study examines how ChatGPT supports EFL learners’ speaking self-efficacy in Advanced English classes in Erbil, Iraq. Forty-four sophomore students participated for eight weeks. Control learners practiced speaking sessions, while the experimental group used ChatGPT as a virtual tutor with coursebook topics. Speaking exams, questionnaires, and interviews were analyzed using SPSS 29 and MAXQDA. Results indicate improved speaking self-efficacy via feedback, repeated recordings, and level-appropriate guidance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-chatgpt-as-a-virtual-speaking-tutor-to-boost-efl-learners-speaking-self-efficacy-research-article/594280/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/using-chatgpt-as-a-virtual-speaking-tutor-to-boost-efl-learners-speaking-self-efficacy-research-article/594280.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kurz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the study use ChatGPT with EFL learners?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The experimental group used ChatGPT as a virtual speaking tutor in classes, working on given topics aligned with the coursebook during an eight-week period.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were speaking self-efficacy outcomes measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data were collected through speaking exams, questionnaires, and interviews, and analyzed using SPSS 29 and MAXQDA.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the findings show about ChatGPT’s impact?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"ChatGPT increased learners’ speaking self-efficacy scores by providing a supportive environment for feedback, enabling repeated listening to recordings, and offering balanced instruction by learners’ levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594280,1792165025,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics ISSN 2209-0959  \n[https://www.castledown.com/journals/ajal/](https://www.castledown.com/journals/ajal/)  \nAustralian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8 (1), 102418 (2025)  \n[https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v8n1.102418](https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v8n1.102418)  \nUsing ChatGPT as a virtual speaking tutor to boost EFL learners’ speaking self-efficacy  \nBUNYAMIN CELIK  YUNUS YILDIZ SABAN KARA   \nEnglish Language Teaching Department, Tishk International University, Erbil-KRI, Iraq  \nAbstract  \nExpressing thoughts and feelings efficiently is fundamental in daily, academic, and professional life. Accordingly, self-efficacy beliefs play pivotal roles in shaping learners’speaking performance through various dimensions. Higher education institutions assume responsibility for boosting students’ speaking self-efficacy, thereby contributing to their self-confidence in different venues. Meanwhile, AI-integrated English classes are on the rise thanks to their overt advantages. In this regard, this study investigated the role of ChatGPTin improving speaking self-efficacy of EFL learners who were selected randomly among sophomore students in Advanced English classes at the tertiary level in Erbil, Iraq. Fortyfour students whose ages ranged from 18 to 27 joined the study to represent the control or experimental group voluntarily within 8 weeks in the 2024–2025 academic year. Control group students took part in speaking sessions in classes, whereas experimental group students took advantage of ChatGPT as a speaking tutor to support their learning in classes with given topics in line with the coursebook. Data collection was implemented through speaking exams, questionnaires, and interviews, the analyses of which were conducted using SPSS 29 and MAXQDA. Findings unearthed that ChatGPT is a promising tool to increase students’speaking self-efficacy scores because it offers a welcoming atmosphere to receive constructive feedback, play recordings several times, and balanced instruction according to learners’levels. Thus, they could relieve speaking anxiety and speak more self-assuredly. The current study’s findings may have varied reflections for interested parties engaged in integrating AI tools into speaking classes harmoniously.  \nKeywords: AI-integrated English; ChatGPT; reduced speaking anxiety; speaking self-efficacy  \nIntroduction  \nEnglish has emerged as a preeminent worldwide language, functioning as a crucial communication medium across various fields like diplomacy, tourism, economy, and education. The significance of language is due to its capacity to adapt, evolve, and change, therefore achieving worldwide recognition (Issa, 2024). Accordingly, English occupies a vital position in educational institutions to tailor to the specific needs of students (Yıldız, 2024) . In this regard, numerous institutions provide English-oriented education to teach English professionally and extend its impact to other subjects including sociology, history, geography, computer, and biology. In addition to encompassing courses in English for various fields, English occupies significant time in curricula to enhance learners’ linguistic competence. Proficiency in English enhances individuals’ capacity by providing access to numerous opportunities across several sectors. Besides, English functions as a lingua franca, facilitating effective communication, especially among individuals from diverse ethnicities with differing native languages. Beyond social and scholastic spheres, it is inconceivable to envision a professional identity devoid of English proficiency since globalization drives individuals to raise their linguistic competency (Kırmızı & Er, 2024). It is evident that English significantly influences individuals’ lives, prompting them to reap the benefits during their lifespans.  \nA unique generative AI style, ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), emerged in 2022 through Open AI, demonstrating the abi","cbCainArlEU0jdHR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainArlEU0jdHR","pdf",401458,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Role of English in education\n## ChatGPT and AI language models\n## Self-efficacy and learning","[{\"question\":\"How does the study use ChatGPT with EFL learners?\",\"answer\":\"The experimental group used ChatGPT as a virtual speaking tutor in classes, working on given topics aligned with the coursebook during an eight-week period.\"},{\"question\":\"How were speaking self-efficacy outcomes measured?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected through speaking exams, questionnaires, and interviews, and analyzed using SPSS 29 and MAXQDA.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the findings show about ChatGPT’s impact?\",\"answer\":\"ChatGPT increased learners’ speaking self-efficacy scores by providing a supportive environment for feedback, enabling repeated listening to recordings, and offering balanced instruction by learners’ levels.\"}]","Using ChatGPT as a virtual speaking tutor to boost EFL learners’ speaking self-efficacy - Research article | PDF",1792078859,43]