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It covers how to identify important researchers and landmark studies, describe what prior work found using citation-linked language, and compare or contrast research results across contexts. The material also explains how to generalise findings, highlight limitations and gaps in existing evidence, and clarify how a specific paper advances knowledge. It supports clear, formal synthesis of studies using ready-to-use sentence stems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/useful-language-for-literature-reviews-identifying-comparing-and-building-research/269858/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/useful-language-for-literature-reviews-identifying-comparing-and-building-research/269858.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What phrases can be used to identify important researchers or key papers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Use stems such as “Smith (2012) showed that …” and “Much of what is known about X is based on …” to introduce influential work and early findings.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How can a literature review compare studies with different conclusions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Contrast using language like “In contrast, McLeod (2008) describes …” and “Fong’s (2012) interpretation differs from that contrasts with that is different from …” to show differences in results.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do you write about limitations, drawbacks, and gaps in existing research?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"State constraints with phrases like “One major drawback of X is that …” and “All the studies reviewed so far … suffer from …,” then highlight uncertainty using “It is unclear if …” and “What is less clear is …”.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},269858,1791136624,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Useful language for literature reviews  \nIdentifying important researchers or research papers  \nThe first notable research on female entrepreneurs came out in the mid-1970s when Schwartz (1976) identified characteristics that are common in male and female entrepreneurs.  \nStudy X established a new…  \nMuch of what is known about X is based on the work of Smith (1988) .  \nMost influential in this field is work by Smith…  \nIt is now well established from studies conducted in Germany that … A growing body of literature based on the work of X recognises …  \n\n| In her\u003Cbr>In their\u003Cbr>In this | useful\u003Cbr>timely\u003Cbr>seminal detailed thorough excellent influential important innovative pioneering wide-ranging comprehensive ground-breaking | study (of X),\u003Cbr>survey (of X), analysis (of X), examination (of X), investigation (into X), | Smith (2012) showed that … Jones (2013) concluded that … |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nComparing and contrasting the research  \nStudies examining job conditions in Australian resource towns indicate women are discouraged from participating in the workforce (Gill, 1990a; Judd et al., 2002) . In contrast, McLeod (2008) describes plentiful employment opportunities for women in a Canadian resource town.  \n\n| Fong’s (2012) interpretation | differs from that contrasts with that is different from that | of Smith and Jones (2004) who argue that   |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\n\n| Fong’s (2012) interpretated x as… | Similarly, Likewise, In the same way, | later research in Japan explained X as… |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nIdentifying (or generalising ) research with similar findings  \nIt is now well established from a variety of studies, that …  \nRecently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.  \nFactors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies. A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y…  \nStudies over the past two decades have provided important information on …  \nA considerable amount of literature have focused on X. These studies found…  \nIdentifying limitations in the research  \nSimpson et al stated that their study was limited by the fact that they were forced to use convenience sampling, which is inferior to random sampling (2004)  \nOne major drawback of X is that … The main limitation of X, however, is …  \nAll the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that …  \nResearch on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of …  \nHowever, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into … Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which … However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if …  \nShowing how a research paper contributes to our knowledge  \nIt had been thought that some mangrove species were not able to photosynthesise when temperatures reached 35°C or more. This understanding was developed by a recent study by Liang et al (2019) which showed that leaf temperatures as low as 30° C can prevent photosynthesis.  \nWork by Smith (1988) extends our understanding of X.  \nPreviously, academics in the field had believed   until a breakthrough by Smith (1988) showed…  \nImportant work by Smith (1988) established a new view of…  \nIdentifying gaps in our knowledge  \nThe literature so far has highlighted the masculine nature of industry in resource towns. However, few studies have focused on businesses operated by women in resource towns, so current understanding of the challenges they face is modest.  \nThe nature of X remains unclear.  \nCurrently, no data exists on …  \nWhat is less clear is the nature of …  \nVery little is currently known about X in … Research to date has not yet determined … What is not yet clear is the impact of X on …  \nThe response of X to Y is not fully understood.  \nCausal factors leading to X remain speculative.  \nThe basis of X is poorly understood.  \nAdapted from: [https://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/](https://www.ph","cbCaitHccqLMLVHT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitHccqLMLVHT","pdf",234963,"English","# Useful language for literature reviews\n## Identifying important researchers and research papers\n## Comparing and contrasting the research\n## Identifying research with similar findings\n## Identifying limitations in the research\n## Showing how a research paper contributes to knowledge\n## Identifying gaps in our knowledge","[{\"question\":\"What phrases can be used to identify important researchers or key papers?\",\"answer\":\"Use stems such as “Smith (2012) showed that …” and “Much of what is known about X is based on …” to introduce influential work and early findings.\"},{\"question\":\"How can a literature review compare studies with different conclusions?\",\"answer\":\"Contrast using language like “In contrast, McLeod (2008) describes …” and “Fong’s (2012) interpretation differs from that contrasts with that is different from …” to show differences in results.\"},{\"question\":\"How do you write about limitations, drawbacks, and gaps in existing research?\",\"answer\":\"State constraints with phrases like “One major drawback of X is that …” and “All the studies reviewed so far … suffer from …,” then highlight uncertainty using “It is unclear if …” and “What is less clear is …”.\"}]","Useful Language for Literature Reviews - Identifying, Comparing, and Building Research | PDF",1789454082]