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Instructor-provided flashcards significantly increased student use, indicating that availability and guidance affect adoption. Flashcards accessed through smartphone apps were used by comparatively few students even when provided by the instructor. Findings are interpreted in relation to how college students may incorporate mobile devices into study routines, including portability, access, and reminder capabilities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/use-of-traditional-and-smartphone-app-flashcards-in-an-introductory-psychology-class-study/427107/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/use-of-traditional-and-smartphone-app-flashcards-in-an-introductory-psychology-class-study/427107.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-12","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did instructor-provided flashcards affect student use?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Student use of flashcards increased significantly when flashcards were provided by the instructor.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Did many students use smartphone app flashcards when they were provided?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"No. Flashcards available via smartphone app were not used by many students even when provided by the instructor.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What study setting and materials were used for Study 1?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Study 1 involved 92 General Psychology students from two classes using the same course outline, content, notes, and exam content. Flashcards included paper notecards or app-based flashcards using StudyBlue.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427107,1791035065,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Use of traditional and smartphone app flashcards in an introductory psychology class  \nStephen R. Burgess  \nSouthwestern Oklahoma State University  \nAshley B. Murray  \nSouthwestern Oklahoma State University  \nABSTRACT  \nThe use of traditional and smart phone flashcards was examined in two Introductory Psychology college classes. Student use of flashcards of some type increased significantly when they were provided by the instructor. Flashcards available via smartphone app were not used by many students even when provided by the instructor. The results are discussed in terms of the use of mobile devices for studying by college students.  \nKeywords: mobile technology, smartphone apps, studying, flashcards, notecards  \nCopyright statement: Authors retain the copyright to the manuscripts published in AABRI journals. Please see the AABRI Copyright Policy at [http://www.aabri.com/copyright.html](http://www.aabri.com/copyright.html).  \nUse of traditional, page 1  \nINTRODUCTION  \nFlashcard use is a standard study technique where traditional flashcards are typically pieces of paper or notecards that have a term written on one side and a definition on the other side. When one studies using flashcards, users often look at one side and try to recall information on the other side. Advantages of flashcards include their portability and their ease of use in various locations.  \nGolding, Wasarhaley, and Fletcher (2012) found that approximately 70% of the 415 general psychology study students studied used flashcards for at least one exam with 65.5% using written flashcards and 3.9% using computer flashcards. Forty-eight percent of the same students reported using written flashcards in other classes, 2% used computer-based flashcards, and 6.5% used both written and computer flashcards. No research studies were identified that examined the use of flashcard apps on smartphones.  \nIt is estimated that at least 80% of college mobile phone users own smart phones and that by 2016, about 90% of college students will own a smart phone ([emarketer.com](emarketer.com), 2012). With the increased popularity of smartphones there has been an increase in apps designed to facilitate studying. Among these are apps that permit the creation or use of flashcards (e.g., Study Blue, Quizlet, Flashcards +) . The advantages to using app-based flashcards include that many students have their smart phones with them most of the time and smart phones are more portable than large stacks of traditional flashcards. Seventy-five percent of college students report using a smartphone during breaks, meetings, etc, 55% while waiting in line, and 45% of those surveyed for school related uses (Dean, 2012) . This pattern of use leaves open the possibility of increasing study time if students use a flashcard app during these opportunities.  \nWhen compared to traditional flashcards, flashcards used on smartphones have the additional advantages of being available whenever the smartphone is in use, ability to carry as many cards as desired for multiple classes, and collaboration with other students to create large groups of flashcards. Also, smartphone technology enables the students to set reminders to study. Golding, et al. (2012) suggested that the almost universal availability of mobile technology could lead to an increase in use of computer flashcards.  \nHistorically, students would make their own flashcards, but more recently textbooks have started making flashcards available on their websites. These programs require internet access and may require the user to log in each time. Smartphone apps have the advantage of being selfcontained on the phone and immediately available without internet access. Additionally, many flashcard apps have an option to make users’ flashcards available for general use or sharing. This means that the flashcards for many classes are already available (Gikas & Grant, 2013) .  \nThe use of smartphones for educational purposes is an understudied area even th","cbCaiagom5gkUluK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiagom5gkUluK","pdf",334256,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Study 1\n## Method\n## Participants\n## Materials\n## Procedure\n## Results (if present)\n## Discussion (if present)","[{\"question\":\"How did instructor-provided flashcards affect student use?\",\"answer\":\"Student use of flashcards increased significantly when flashcards were provided by the instructor.\"},{\"question\":\"Did many students use smartphone app flashcards when they were provided?\",\"answer\":\"No. Flashcards available via smartphone app were not used by many students even when provided by the instructor.\"},{\"question\":\"What study setting and materials were used for Study 1?\",\"answer\":\"Study 1 involved 92 General Psychology students from two classes using the same course outline, content, notes, and exam content. Flashcards included paper notecards or app-based flashcards using StudyBlue.\"}]","Use of Traditional and Smartphone App Flashcards in an Introductory Psychology Class - Study | PDF",1790642795,18]