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................................................................................................................................................. 3  \nSimulation in Summative Assessment: ......................................................................................................... 3  \nGeneral guidelines for using simulation in high stakes exam:...................................................................... 3  \nModalities of simulation used in OSCE and definition of each ..................................................................... 3  \nStandardized Patients ............................................................................................................................... 3  \nLow-Fidelity Simulators............................................................................................................................. 3  \nHigh-Fidelity Simulators ............................................................................................................................ 4  \nVirtual Reality Simulation ......................................................................................................................... 4  \nPrerequisites that need to be met for each modality: ................................................................................. 5  \nStandardized Patients (SP) ........................................................................................................................ 5  \nLow-Fidelity Simulators............................................................................................................................. 5  \nHigh-Fidelity Simulators ............................................................................................................................ 5  \nVirtual Reality Simulators.......................................................................................................................... 5  \nCase Development ........................................................................................................................................ 6  \nScoring....................................................................................................................................................... 6  \nExaminers ...................................................................................................................................................... 6  \nExam Validation: ........................................................................................................................................... 7  \n1. Content evidence: ............................................................................................................................. 7  \n2. Internal structure evidence: ............................................................................................................. 7  \n3. Relations with other variables: ......................................................................................................... 7  \n4. Response process:............................................................................................................................. 7  \n5. Consequences ................................................................................................................................... 7  \nIntent of use:  \nThis document is intended to be used as a guideline for regulating simulation modalities in clinical examinations.  \nSimulation in Summative Assessment:  \nDefinition:  \nA process in which a clinical encounter is imitated/enacted to evaluate candidates’ performance against predetermined standards for certification.  \nPurpose:  \nUsing simulation in Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to evaluate clinical reasoning, psychomotor skills, and attitude, including communication, collaboration, and professionalism.  \nGeneral guidelines for using simulation in high stakes exam:  \n• Co","cbCaihW9XzWuukGY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihW9XzWuukGY","pdf",319108,"English","# Intent of use\n# Simulation in Summative Assessment\n## Definition\n## Purpose\n# General guidelines for using simulation in high stakes exam\n# Modalities of simulation used in OSCE and definition of each\n## Standardized Patients\n## Low-Fidelity Simulators\n## High-Fidelity Simulators\n## Virtual Reality Simulation\n# Prerequisites that need to be met for each modality\n## Standardized Patients (SP)\n## Low-Fidelity Simulators\n## High-Fidelity Simulators\n## Virtual Reality Simulators\n# Case Development\n# Scoring\n# Examiners\n# Exam Validation","[{\"question\":\"What is the intent of using simulation in clinical examinations?\",\"answer\":\"The document provides a guideline for regulating simulation modalities in clinical examinations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does simulation support summative assessment in OSCE?\",\"answer\":\"Simulation is used to imitate a clinical encounter and evaluate candidates’ performance against predetermined certification standards, focusing on clinical reasoning, psychomotor skills, and professional attitudes.\"},{\"question\":\"What general factors should be considered when using simulation in high-stakes exams?\",\"answer\":\"The guideline emphasizes available resources, feasibility (candidates, centers, time), candidates’ prior exposure during training, accreditation of the exam center, and ensuring validation of the assessment method.\"}]","Use of Simulation in High Stakes Exams - Guideline | PDF",1789931457]