[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-274737-105":3,"doc-detail-274737-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","use-of-scleria-poaeformis-as-biomaterial-in-etno-agricultural-practice-at-riparian-wetlands-in-indonesia","Use of Scleria poaeformis as biomaterial in etno-agricultural practice at riparian wetlands in Indonesia","","Local farmers in Indonesian riparian wetlands rely on rice cultivation once per year, constrained by unpredictable annual flooding. This study examines how farmers manage the flooding window by using floating seedbeds and locally available biomaterials. Mixed-method fieldwork in 2016–2017 combined frequent observations in five villages with grounded-theory dialogs involving 69 farmers and key informants, identifying Scleria poaeformis as a key material. The approach enables earlier seedling establishment, adds transplanting flexibility, and supports production resilience.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/use-of-scleria-poaeformis-as-biomaterial-in-etno-agricultural-practice-at-riparian-wetlands-in-indonesia/274737/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/use-of-scleria-poaeformis-as-biomaterial-in-etno-agricultural-practice-at-riparian-wetlands-in-indonesia/274737.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Melati","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is rice cultivation challenging for smallholder farmers in Indonesian riparian wetlands?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Unpredictable annual flooding makes it difficult to manage both soil and water conditions, forcing farmers to wait for floodwaters to subside and still plant early enough to avoid drought during reproductive stages.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What methods were used in the etno-agricultural research?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The research used a mixed-method design: frequent direct field observations in five targeted villages, followed by dialogs with 69 local farmers and key persons using grounded theory protocols to capture key issues.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does Scleria poaeformis support farmers’ floating seedbed practice?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Local farmers use Scleria poaeformis as the main locally available biomaterial to construct floating seedbeds for raising rice seedlings, allowing earlier preparation before floodwaters recede.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},274737,1789482451,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":97,"preview_page_count":4},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",8,"Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25 (No 2) 2019, 320–325  \nUse ofScleria poaeformis as biomaterial in etno-agricultural practice at riparian wetlands in Indonesia  \nBenyamin Lakitan1,2* ; Erna Siaga3 ; Kartika Kartika3 ; Y. Yunindyawati4  \n1College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia  \n2Research Center for Sub-optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia 3 Graduate School, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia  \n4Departement of Sociology, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia  \n*[Corresponding author:](Corresponding author: blakitan60@unsri.ac.id)[ blakitan60@unsri.ac.id](Corresponding author: blakitan60@unsri.ac.id)  \nAbstract  \nLakitan, B., Siaga, E., Kartika, K., & Yunindyawati, Y. (2019) . Use of Scleria poaeformis as biomaterial in etnoagricultural practice at riparian wetlands in Indonesia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(2), 320–325  \nLocal farmers grow rice only once annually at riparian wetlands in Indonesia due to unpredictable annual flooding occurrence. Farmers have to wait for floodwater to subside before planting rice seedlings but have to do the planting as early as possible for avoiding drought at reproductive growth stage. This etno-agricultural research was conducted in 2016-2017 using mixed method, started with direct and frequent field observations at five targeted villages, followed by series of dialogs with 69 local farmers and key persons based on Grounded Theory protocols for capturing key issues. One fascinating result of this study was the use of local biomaterials (Scleriapoaeformis) in constructing floating seedbed for growing rice seedlings. Application of this grassroots innovation makes it possible for local farmers to start their rice growing season about one month earlier since seedling preparation can be started before floodwater subsided and flexibility of around two weeks in transplanting the rice seedlings from floating seedbed to paddy field.  \nKeywords: etno-agriculture; floating culture; Scleriapoaeformis; inland swamp; rice cultivation  \nIntroduction  \nRice cultivation at riparian wetland is very challenging for smallholder farmers in Indonesia. Both soil and water conditions have to be managed. However, there are many workable ways to improve soil quality and improving rice yield, including application of biochar (Kartika et al., 2018a; Lakitan et al., 2018a) and designing more efficient cropping patterns (Kartika et al., 2018b) . Conversely, it is almost impossible for smallholder farmers to manage unpredictable annual flooding behavior at the riparian wetland. Local farmers use floating seedbeds for rice seedling preparation as a strategy to avoid the seedlings from threat of total submersion if they are grown on land. Local farmers use Scleria  \npoaeformis as main locally available biomaterial for constructing the floating seedbed.  \nResearch on Sclerieae tribe especially the S. poaeformis has been very limited compared to other tribes within the Cyperaceae family (Muasya et al., 2009). The S. poaeformis plant was mostly considered as weed (Chandrasena, 1987) with hardly any economic value. In certain regions, S. poaeformis has been traditionally used as biomaterial for making mats by the locals (Kern, 1974) . The use ofScleria for making mat is local specific, is not widely spread to other locations where S. poaeformis is also found.  \nThe rural community in Sri Lanka based on their indigenous knowledge have been using S. poaeformis as an indicator of soil salinity (Dharmasena, 2007) . At riparian wet-  \nUse of Scleria poaeformis as biomaterial in etno-agricultural practice at riparian wetlands in Indonesia 321  \nlands in Indonesia, the same species has been recognized asa pioneer plant which grows vigorously in acidic soils. The ability ofS. poaeformis to grow at extreme soil pH requires further evaluation. Kern (1974) indicated that S. poaeformis was relatively indifferent in soil pref","cbCair8241BDlHQE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair8241BDlHQE","pdf",1506212,6,"English","# Abstract\n## Study context and problem\n## Methods and data collection\n## Key finding and agricultural application\n## Keywords","[{\"question\":\"Why is rice cultivation challenging for smallholder farmers in Indonesian riparian wetlands?\",\"answer\":\"Unpredictable annual flooding makes it difficult to manage both soil and water conditions, forcing farmers to wait for floodwaters to subside and still plant early enough to avoid drought during reproductive stages.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods were used in the etno-agricultural research?\",\"answer\":\"The research used a mixed-method design: frequent direct field observations in five targeted villages, followed by dialogs with 69 local farmers and key persons using grounded theory protocols to capture key issues.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Scleria poaeformis support farmers’ floating seedbed practice?\",\"answer\":\"Local farmers use Scleria poaeformis as the main locally available biomaterial to construct floating seedbeds for raising rice seedlings, allowing earlier preparation before floodwaters recede.\"}]","Use of Scleria poaeformis as biomaterial in etno-agricultural practice at riparian wetlands in Indonesia | PDF",15,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,121,126,129,134,137,141],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":92,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},30,"research-report",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":136},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":138,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":138,"slug":140},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":144},19,"General","general"]