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The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board staff summarizes key program aspects, reviews operations, and evaluates privacy and civil liberties risks, then provides recommendations to improve the program. The analysis notes that, as deployment is still underway, there is insufficient evidence to support a fully detailed policy analysis for some topics, so further information-collection efforts are recommended.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/use-of-facial-recognition-technology-staff-report-may-9-2025/297652/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/use-of-facial-recognition-technology-staff-report-may-9-2025/297652.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of the staff report on TSA’s facial recognition technology?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The report describes key aspects of TSA’s use of facial recognition technology for traveler identity determination and analyzes associated privacy and civil liberties risks, along with recommendations to improve the program.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why does the report state that a thorough policy analysis could not be completed for some topics?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"TSA’s use of facial recognition technology is still in development and deployment, so there has not been sufficient opportunity to produce a detailed record of impact and efficacy.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What kinds of topics and recommendations were considered but not included in the report?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The report notes that topics considered but not incorporated include issues related to program cybersecurity, additional signage and notice policies and practices, and mechanisms for travelers to indicate affirmative opt-in consent.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},297652,1789746594,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":105,"preview_urls":146},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","[T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B LA N K ]  \nTHE  \nPRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES  \nOVERSIGHT BOARD  \nUSE OF FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY  \nBY THE  \nTRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION  \nSTAFF REPORT  \nMAY 9, 2025  \nPrivacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board  \nBeth A. Williams, Board Member  \nPCLOB acknowledges with gratitude the staff members who worked on this project, including Paige Anderson, Bonni Berge, Pamela Brooke, Cameron Brown, Hannah Burgess, Geoff Cohen, Jennifer Fitzpatrick, Clare Garvie, David Husband, John Leitner, Aaron Massey, Annan Mortensen, Tatjana Naquin, Alexa Potter, Alan Silverleib, and other current and former staff members.  \nSTATEMENT FROM THE PCLOB STAFF  \nIn 2019, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (“PCLOB,” or “the Board”) opened an oversight project on facial recognition and other biometric technologies in aviation security. PCLOB’s professional staff, under the direction of PCLOB Board members, reviewed program documentation, reports, and evaluations, and worked with Department of Homeland Security offices to understand the operations of the program. This report describes the key aspects of the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) use of facial recognition technology (FRT) to determine the identity of air travelers for security purposes. We also include an analysis of potential associated privacy and civil liberties risks and make recommendations to improve the program. The Board is currently sub-quorum, so PCLOB is issuing this report as a Staff Report, with the approval of the current Board member, per the Board’s Sub-Quorum Authorities policy.  \nThe professional staff made all final decisions with respect to this report, including selecting the topics and recommendations to include. Over the course of investigating this program and developing this report, current and former Board members and staff considered many potential topics of analysis and recommendations. Consistent with general government practice, the professional staff included only those findings and recommendations which were supported by sufficient, appropriate evidence.  \nAs a program still in the process of development and deployment, TSA’s use of FRT has not had sufficient opportunity to produce a detailed record of impact and efficacy. As such, PCLOB could not perform a thorough policy analysis for certain aspects of the program. For this reason, this report recommends that TSA make further efforts to collect information regarding the operations and performance of the program. Topics and recommendations considered, but ultimately not incorporated into this report, include issues related to program cybersecurity, additional policies and practices around signage and notice, and mechanisms for travelers to indicate affirmative opt-in consent. The absence of any particular topic or recommendation does not necessarily indicate that the staff disagree with the analysis or recommendation, but only that at this time, the staff does not assess that the available evidence provides a reasonable and sufficient basis for inclusion.  \nPCLOB is not the only entity examining this program, and we welcome continued conversation with Congress, other oversight bodies, TSA, civil society, and the public as the program continues to develop.  \nJennifer Fitzpatrick  \nPCLOB Executive Director  \nMay 9, 2025  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nE X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y ................................ ................................ ................ 1  \nP A R T 1 : B A C K G R O U N D , S Y S T E M D E S C R I P T I O N , A N D O P E R A T I O N ..... 9  \nI . R E P O R T O V E R V I E W ...................................................................... 10  \nII . B A C K G R O U N D O N FA C I A L R E C O G N I T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y .................... 14  \nIII . L E G A L A N D R E G U L A T O R Y C O N T E X T ............................................... 22  \nIV . A V I A T I O N S E C U R I T Y A N D","cbCaibLJj6Sqkste","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibLJj6Sqkste","pdf",2016777,125,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Part 1: Background, System Description, and Operations\n## I. Report Overview\n## II. Background on Facial Recognition Technology\n## III. Legal and Regulatory Context\n## IV. Aviation Security and TSA Use of FRT\n## V. TSA Policy and Standards for Operations of CAT-2 Devices for Determining Traveler Identity\n# Part 2: Policy Analysis\n## I. Introduction to Policy Analysis\n## II. Effectiveness and Value\n## III. Consequences of Misidentification and Demographic Impacts\n## IV. Transparency and Public Notice\n## V. Individual Rights and Notice\n## VI. Collection, Sharing, Retention, and Use of Data\n## VII. Safeguards Against Expansion or Misuse\n## VIII. Conclusions\n# Part 3: Recommendations\n## I. Overall Program\n## II. Effectiveness and Value\n## III. Demographics and Consequences of Misidentification\n## IV. Transparency\n## V. Individual Participation","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the staff report on TSA’s facial recognition technology?\",\"answer\":\"The report describes key aspects of TSA’s use of facial recognition technology for traveler identity determination and analyzes associated privacy and civil liberties risks, along with recommendations to improve the program.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the report state that a thorough policy analysis could not be completed for some topics?\",\"answer\":\"TSA’s use of facial recognition technology is still in development and deployment, so there has not been sufficient opportunity to produce a detailed record of impact and efficacy.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of topics and recommendations were considered but not included in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report notes that topics considered but not incorporated include issues related to program cybersecurity, additional signage and notice policies and practices, and mechanisms for travelers to indicate affirmative opt-in consent.\"}]","Use of Facial Recognition Technology - Staff Report - May 9, 2025 | PDF",315,[147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,187,192,197],{"page_no":8,"url":148,"width":149,"height":150},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/1844fa68c9371b671693c40fbe11a107.webp",983,1272,{"page_no":14,"url":152,"width":153,"height":154},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/ded3b74646ba8cb8096fc454e10758d0.webp",982,1270,{"page_no":81,"url":156,"width":157,"height":158},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/dcb67ad0ea50bd111d51f008c741b3f2.webp",981,1269,{"page_no":19,"url":160,"width":161,"height":162},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/accc9be6688980a1ac9e8cd0f12cd049.webp",980,1268,{"page_no":24,"url":164,"width":165,"height":166},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/ff41638959f4ccb1166a21e9611e9ab1.webp",979,1267,{"page_no":29,"url":168,"width":169,"height":170},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/ab54259102c160a6e1f2093c515b71e7.webp",978,1265,{"page_no":34,"url":172,"width":173,"height":174},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/22c2294d70a9b381aa44e27dc7c59742.webp",977,1264,{"page_no":39,"url":176,"width":177,"height":178},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/085d5a633d04a744878bd00bcfb282ac.webp",976,1263,{"page_no":44,"url":180,"width":181,"height":182},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/895b8445f1887bfaedaf73d7cca92f0d.webp",975,1261,{"page_no":52,"url":184,"width":185,"height":186},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/fb08a603f0c648b2b125d3aa374d6003.webp",974,1260,{"page_no":188,"url":189,"width":190,"height":191},11,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/d369631dd628e08bb8816ea46e2de483.webp",973,1259,{"page_no":193,"url":194,"width":195,"height":196},12,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/3bc887e52d7f0573ea1de5f7b7240017.webp",972,1257,{"page_no":105,"url":198,"width":199,"height":200},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/99b85aa1b746de9bfb120ac9078ea550.webp",971,1256]