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Consensus was reached for two of six items, including preferences for glucagon testing and diabetic ketoacidosis history, and agreement on educator-led transitional care.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/use-of-expert-consensus-to-improve-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus/436558/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/use-of-expert-consensus-to-improve-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus/436558.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the primary objective of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To reach a multidisciplinary consensus and establish clinical recommendations for diagnosing and managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including transitional care.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were experts’ opinions collected and compared?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The committee reviewed scientific evidence and used a two-round Delphi process to compare the views of 32 specialists.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which diagnostic and transitional care topics reached consensus?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Consensus was reached for two of six items; no consensus occurred for autoantibody detection and age of onset. Transitional care via diabetes educators achieved consensus.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},436558,1790741573,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","J Chin MedAssoc  \nOriginal article  \nUse of expert consensus to improve the diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus  \nChia-Hung Lina,b, Yi-Ching Tungc, Tien-Jyun Changd, Chien-Ning Huange,* , Chii-Min Hwuf,* for Taiwan Type 1 DM Consortium  \naDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; bDepartment of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; cDepartment of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; eDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; fSection of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Although type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is recognized as a catastrophic disease among the different types of diabetes, it is often confusedly diagnosed in clinical practice and difficult in care. The objective of this study is to reach a multidisciplinary consensus for the establishment of clinical recommendations on T1DM to optimize its undoubtedly diagnostic evaluation and transitional care.  \nMethods: Scientific evidence was reviewed by a committee of researchers, based on which recommendations related to T1DM diagnosis were formulated. A two-round method was conducted to compare the opinions of a panel of 32 specialists (adult endocrinologists [53 . 1%], pediatric endocrinologists [43 .8%], a diabetes educator for child and adolescent [3 . 1%]) on these issues. Results: The panel reached consensus on two of the six items discussed. The four items on which no consensus was reached were related to autoantibody detection and age of onset. Up to 80% of the panelists favored items related to the glucagon test and diabetic ketoacidosis history for T1DM diagnosis. Consensus regarding transitional care through diabetes educators was established.  \nConclusion: The assessment conducted by experts on T1DM showed a high level of professional agreement regarding the proposed diagnostic and transitional care recommendations. A comprehensive analysis of the latest evidence is warranted for the items on which consensus was not established.  \nKeywords: Consensus; Diagnosis; Type 1 diabetes  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe number of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) cases in Taiwan is about 500 each year.1,2 Current incidence data reveal a trend towards an increasingly younger population with T1DM. The diagnosis of T1DM affects whether a patient qualifies for a partial waiver of self-paid medical expenses with  \n*Address correspondence. Dr. Chien-Ning Huang and Dr. Chii-Min Hwu, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: [cshy049@gmail.com](cshy049@gmail.com) (C.-N. Huang); [chhwu@vghtpe.gov.tw](chhwu@vghtpe.gov.tw) (C.-M. Hwu). A complete list of the members in Taiwan Type 1 DM Consortium is provided in the Appendix.  \nAuthor contributions: Dr. Chia-Hung Lin and Dr. Yi-Ching Tung contributed equally to this work.  \nConflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2022) 85: 741-746.  \nReceived September 3, 2021; accepted October 31, 2021.  \ndoi: 10. 1097/JCMA.0000000000000751.  \nCopyright © 2022, the Chinese Medical Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc-nd/4.0/](by-nc-nd/4.0/))  \ncatastrophic illness certificate in Taiwan; therefore, ","cbCaiseFIDohxpAb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiseFIDohxpAb","pdf",429635,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. INTRODUCTION\n## Epidemiology and diagnostic challenges in Taiwan\n## Diabetes classification and differential considerations\n# 2. METHODS\n## 2.1. Study design (Delphi method)\n## 2.2. Participants and questionnaire formation","[{\"question\":\"What was the primary objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To reach a multidisciplinary consensus and establish clinical recommendations for diagnosing and managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including transitional care.\"},{\"question\":\"How were experts’ opinions collected and compared?\",\"answer\":\"The committee reviewed scientific evidence and used a two-round Delphi process to compare the views of 32 specialists.\"},{\"question\":\"Which diagnostic and transitional care topics reached consensus?\",\"answer\":\"Consensus was reached for two of six items; no consensus occurred for autoantibody detection and age of onset. Transitional care via diabetes educators achieved consensus.\"}]","Use of expert consensus to improve the diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus | PDF",1790678377,15]