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A 46-year-old Han Chinese woman presented with two years of progressive urinary symptoms and was evaluated with contrast MRI, urethroscopy, and biopsy. Treatment involved anterior pelvic exenteration, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and vaginal reconstruction, followed by pathology showing high-grade urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation and invasion.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/urethral-diverticulum-carcinoma-management-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature/358203/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/urethral-diverticulum-carcinoma-management-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature/358203.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is urethral diverticulum carcinoma (UDC) difficult to diagnose?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"UDC often shows nonspecific clinical symptoms and may be diagnosed late or mistaken for other conditions such as urinary tract infection, delaying definitive evaluation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What diagnostic steps were used in the reported case?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The case used contrast-enhanced pelvic MRI, urethroscopic and radiological assessment, and histopathological analysis from a biopsy to confirm malignancy and guide management.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What treatment was provided and what were the key pathology findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The patient underwent anterior pelvic exenteration, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and vaginal reconstruction. 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Journal of Medical Case Reports (2026) 20:546  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-026-06314-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-026-06314-2)  \nJournal of Medical Case Reports  \n CASE REPORT Open Access  \nUrethral diverticulum carcinoma management: a case report and review of the literature  \nXuefan Yang1†, Yulin Lai1†, Dihao Deng1†, Wenqi Jiang2†, Qiong Deng1, Zhu Wang1* and Hui Liang1*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Female urethral diverticulum carcinoma (UDC) is an exceptionally rare malignancy within the female urogenital system. The reported incidence of urethral diverticulum in females ranges from 0. 02% to 6%, with malignant transformation occurring in an even smaller subset of cases. The extreme rarity of this condition has significantly constrained both basic research into its pathogenesis and the accumulation of clinical experience in its management. Case presentation A 46-year-old Han Chinese female presented with a 2-year history of increased urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Pelvic MRI with contrast enhancement revealed a well-defined neoplastic lesion measuring 4.9 × 4.9 × 5.1 cm surrounding the urethra. Urethroscopic examination and radiological evaluation showed a urethral diverticulum suspicious for malignancy. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy specimen indicated papillary carcinoma. The patient underwent anterior pelvic exenteration, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and vaginal reconstruction. Postoperative pathological examination suggested high-grade urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation in the urethra, with evidence of invasion into the muscular layer of the bladder wall.  \nConclusions UDC presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and frequent delays in diagnosis, underscoring the importance of comprehensive physical examinations, including meticulous vaginal palpation, and advanced diagnostic procedures, such as cystoscopy with biopsy. The optimal treatment paradigm remains elusive, emphasizing the critical need for further clinical research, enhanced international collaboration, and the establishment of standardized treatment protocols to improve therapeutic outcomes for this rare and clinically challenging disease entity.  \nKeywords Urethral diverticulum carcinoma, Urethral diverticulum, Case report, Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell cancer  \n†Xuefan Yang, Yulin Lai, Dihao Deng and Wenqi Jiang contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Zhu Wang [wangzhu@smu.edu.cn](wangzhu@smu.edu.cn)[ ](wangzhu@smu.edu.cn)Hui Liang [lianghui8689@smu.edu.cn](lianghui8689@smu.edu.cn)  \n1 Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Surgical Building, NO. 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China  \n2 Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Surgical Building, NO. 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China  \nBackground  \nThe annual incidence rate of primary urethral carcinoma among European women is 0.6 per million [1], while it is estimated that female patients developing a urethral diverticulum (UD) range from 0.02% to 6%[2]. Cacinorma arising from a female urethral diverticulum (UDC) is even rarer. Due to its rarity, the significant nonuniformity in its management in literature makes great challenges in its clinical diagnosis and treatment. The etiology of urethral diverticulum carcinoma remains unclear. Several studies suggest that female UDC is  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images ","cbCaikZn11AqKXaB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikZn11AqKXaB","pdf",1690649,"English","# Background\n# Case presentation\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"Why is urethral diverticulum carcinoma (UDC) difficult to diagnose?\",\"answer\":\"UDC often shows nonspecific clinical symptoms and may be diagnosed late or mistaken for other conditions such as urinary tract infection, delaying definitive evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic steps were used in the reported case?\",\"answer\":\"The case used contrast-enhanced pelvic MRI, urethroscopic and radiological assessment, and histopathological analysis from a biopsy to confirm malignancy and guide management.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment was provided and what were the key pathology findings?\",\"answer\":\"The patient underwent anterior pelvic exenteration, ileal conduit urinary diversion, and vaginal reconstruction. Pathology showed high-grade urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation and evidence of invasion into the muscular layer of the bladder wall.\"}]","Urethral diverticulum carcinoma management - a case report and review of the literature | PDF",1790133211]