[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-377156-105":59,"doc-detail-377156-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","updates-on-larynx-cancer-risk-factors-and-oncogenesis","Updates on Larynx Cancer - Risk Factors and Oncogenesis","","Laryngeal cancer is a common tumor of the upper aero-digestive tract, and its biology has attracted increasing attention. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma develops through a multistep sequence that begins with epithelial precursor lesions. Identified risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, opium use, and infections with HPV and EBV, while genetic and epigenetic events drive tumor progression. Tumor suppressor inactivation and proto-oncogene activation occur via multiple molecular mechanisms. Epigenetic regulation by miRNAs further supports carcinogenesis, yet some aspects remain incompletely defined.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/updates-on-larynx-cancer-risk-factors-and-oncogenesis/377156/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/updates-on-larynx-cancer-risk-factors-and-oncogenesis/377156.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the review on laryngeal cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review analyzes and summarizes the key steps of carcinogenesis in laryngeal cancer and the associated risk factors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which risk factors are described for laryngeal tumors and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Smoking, alcohol consumption, opium use, and infections with HPV and EBV are cited as associated risk factors. Some other factors are discussed as requiring further research.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Genetic alterations include tumor suppressor inactivation and proto-oncogene activation through mechanisms such as deletions, point mutations, promoter methylation, and gene amplification. Epigenetic modifications driven by miRNAs are also described as contributing to LSCC development.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},377156,1790652403,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Review  \nUpdates on Larynx Cancer: Risk Factors and Oncogenesis  \nCarlotta Liberale 1, Davide Soloperto 1,*, Alessandro Marchioni 2, Daniele Monzani 1 and Luca Sacchetto 1  \nCitation: Liberale, C.; Soloperto, D.; Marchioni, A.; Monzani, D.; Sacchetto, L. Updates on Larynx Cancer: Risk Factors and Oncogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12913. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms241612913  \nAcademic Editor: Karel Smetana, Jr.  \nReceived: 27 July 2023  \nRevised: 14 August 2023  \nAccepted: 15 August 2023  \nPublished: 18 August 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10,  \n37134 Verona, Italy; [carlotta.liberale@studenti.univr.it](carlotta.liberale@studenti.univr.it) (C.L.); [daniele.monzani@univr.it](daniele.monzani@univr.it) (D.M.);  \n[luca.sacchetto@univr.it](luca.sacchetto@univr.it) (L.S.)  \n2 Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; [alessandro.marchioni@unimore.it](alessandro.marchioni@unimore.it)  \n* Correspondence: [davide.soloperto@aovr.veneto.it](davide.soloperto@aovr.veneto.it); Tel.: +39-0458128333  \nAbstract: Laryngeal cancer is a very common tumor in the upper aero-digestive tract. Understanding its biological mechanisms has garnered significant interest in recent years. The development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) follows a multistep process starting from precursor lesions in the epithelium. Various risk factors have been associated with laryngeal tumors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, opium use, as well as infections with HPV and EBV viruses, among others. Cancer development involves multiple steps, and genetic alterations play a crucial role. Tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated, and proto-oncogenes may become activated through mechanisms like deletions, point mutations, promoter methylation, and gene amplification. Epigenetic modifications, driven by miRNAs, have been proven to contribute to LSCC development. Despite advancesin molecular medicine, there are still aspects of laryngeal cancer that remain poorly understood, and the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this narrative review, we examined the literature to analyze and summarize the main steps of carcinogenesis and the risk factors associated with laryngeal cancer.  \nKeywords: larynx cancer; oncogenesis; risk factors  \n1. Introduction  \nThe larynx plays a crucial role in various vital functions, including breathing, swallowing, and speaking. Due to its essential role in producing sound, it is often referred to asthe “voice box”. It is composed of a cartilaginous framework, both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, and a mucosal lining. Laryngeal cancer is the second most common malignancy in the upper aerodigestive tract, following lung cancer [1] . Over 90% of laryngeal tumors originate from the mucosal lining, with the most common cytotype being well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma [2] . Less frequently, tumors can be chondrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, melanomas (2–5% of all laryngeal tumors [3]) or rare neuroendocrine tumors [4] . The clinical behavior of laryngeal cancer varies depending on the site of origin. Supraglotticsquamous cell carcinoma (SSC) is commonly associated with cervical lymph node metastasis [5] and often remains asymptomatic until an advanced stage [6] . Subglottic cancer is the rarest type and typically leads to breathing symptoms due to laryngeal obstruction in its narrowest region [7] . Glottic SCC is the most prevalent form of laryngeal cancer, often diagnosed early d","cbCaipsB4UddIA1W","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipsB4UddIA1W","pdf",509882,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Larynx anatomy and cancer overview\n## Origins and histological types of laryngeal tumors\n# Discussion\n## Risk factors","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the review on laryngeal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review analyzes and summarizes the key steps of carcinogenesis in laryngeal cancer and the associated risk factors.\"},{\"question\":\"Which risk factors are described for laryngeal tumors and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?\",\"answer\":\"Smoking, alcohol consumption, opium use, and infections with HPV and EBV are cited as associated risk factors. Some other factors are discussed as requiring further research.\"},{\"question\":\"How do genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?\",\"answer\":\"Genetic alterations include tumor suppressor inactivation and proto-oncogene activation through mechanisms such as deletions, point mutations, promoter methylation, and gene amplification. Epigenetic modifications driven by miRNAs are also described as contributing to LSCC development.\"}]","Updates on Larynx Cancer - Risk Factors and Oncogenesis | PDF",1790223468]