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A future approach could match unique GPCRs from cancer biopsies with personalised GPCR-targeted nanomedicines to deliver lethal payloads to tumour tissue before, during and after surgery. The study reports a systematic analysis of public RNA-seq data and experimental verification in ovarian cancer cells, prioritising 13 GPCR candidates with frequent overexpression and highlighting sample-to-sample expression variability.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unveiling-g-protein-coupled-receptors-as-potential-targets-for-ovarian-cancer-nanomedicines-from-rna-sequencing-data-analysis-to-in-vitro-validation/332283/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unveiling-g-protein-coupled-receptors-as-potential-targets-for-ovarian-cancer-nanomedicines-from-rna-sequencing-data-analysis-to-in-vitro-validation/332283.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Liam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What problem does the study address in ovarian cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Ovarian cancer shows genetic heterogeneity and aggressive behavior, leading to poor responses, resistance, and relapse. This motivates personalised treatment strategies rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the researchers identify candidate GPCR targets?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They performed a systematic analysis of public RNA-seq gene expression data from ovarian cancer, prioritising 13 GPCRs with frequent overexpression in tumour tissues.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How was the RNA-seq prioritisation validated?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Primary ovarian cancer cells from ascites and established ovarian cancer cell lines were used to confirm frequent expression of the selected GPCRs.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is case-to-case targeting considered necessary?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Expression levels of the selected GPCRs varied highly across the tested samples, supporting the need for future personalised targeting on a case-by-case basis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},332283,1790167870,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,110,114,118,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},8,30,"research-report",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":135},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":115,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Khetan et al. Journal of Ovarian Research (2024) 17:156 Journal of Ovarian Research  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-024-01479-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-024-01479-0)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nUnveiling G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets for ovarian cancer nanomedicines: from RNA sequencing data analysis to in vitro validation  \nRiya Khetan 1, Preethi Eldi2, Noor A. Lokman3, Carmela Ricciardel li3, Martin K. Oehler3,4, Anton Blencowe5, Sanjay Garg 1, Katherine Pillman6* and Hugo Albrecht 1*  \nAbstract  \nGenetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer indicates the need for personalised treatment approaches. Currently, very few G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been investigated for active targeting with nanomedicines such as antibody-conjugated drugs and drug-loaded nanoparticles, highlighting a neglected potential to develop personalised treatment. To address the genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, a future personalised approach could include the identification of unique GPCRs expressed in cancer biopsies, matched with personalised GPCRtargeted nanomedicines, for the delivery of lethal drugs to tumour tissue before, during and after surgery. Here wereport on the systematic analysis of public ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) gene expression data, which led to prioritisation of 13 GPCRs as candidates with frequent overexpression in ovarian cancer tissues. Subsequently, primary ovarian cancer cells derived from ascites and ovarian cancer cell lines were used to confirm frequent gene expression for the selected GPCRs. However, the expression levels showed high variability within our selection of samples, therefore, supporting and emphasising the need for the future development of case-to-case personalised targeting approaches.  \nKeywords Ovarian cancer, GPCR, Nanomedicine, Personalised medicine, Drug delivery, RNA-seq  \n*Correspondence:  \nKatherine Pillman [katherine.pillman@unisa.edu.au](katherine.pillman@unisa.edu.au)[ ](katherine.pillman@unisa.edu.au)Hugo Albrecht [hugo.albrecht@unisa.edu.au](hugo.albrecht@unisa.edu.au)  \n1Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia 2UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia  \n3Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide,  \nSouth Australia 5000, Australia  \n4Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia  \n5Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials Group, Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia  \n6Centre for Cancer Biology, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/l](http://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ([http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](http://creativecommons","cbCaigUSukIPDf7P","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigUSukIPDf7P","pdf",2834733,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Rationale for personalised targeted nanomedicines\n## Limits of current precision medicines\n# Methods and workflow\n## RNA-seq gene expression analysis\n## In vitro validation in ovarian cancer cells\n# Results and implications\n## Prioritisation of GPCR candidates\n## Expression variability and need for case-to-case targeting","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address in ovarian cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Ovarian cancer shows genetic heterogeneity and aggressive behavior, leading to poor responses, resistance, and relapse. This motivates personalised treatment strategies rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers identify candidate GPCR targets?\",\"answer\":\"They performed a systematic analysis of public RNA-seq gene expression data from ovarian cancer, prioritising 13 GPCRs with frequent overexpression in tumour tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the RNA-seq prioritisation validated?\",\"answer\":\"Primary ovarian cancer cells from ascites and established ovarian cancer cell lines were used to confirm frequent expression of the selected GPCRs.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is case-to-case targeting considered necessary?\",\"answer\":\"Expression levels of the selected GPCRs varied highly across the tested samples, supporting the need for future personalised targeting on a case-by-case basis.\"}]","Unveiling G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets for ovarian cancer nanomedicines: from RNA sequencing data analysis to in vitro validation | PDF",1789997633,33]