[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-375024-105":59,"doc-detail-375024-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","unveiling-a-sustainable-approach-to-cancer-treatment-the-antitumor-activity-of-amygdalin-and-cell-free-supernatant-of-lacticaseibacillus-rhamnosus","Unveiling a sustainable approach to cancer treatment: the antitumor activity of amygdalin and cell-free supernatant of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus","","The study addresses environmental sustainability priorities in anti-cancer drug development by targeting eco-friendlier agents with reduced environmental persistence. It evaluates amygdalin and cell-free supernatants from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines. Cell viability is measured by MTT under mono- and combination treatments, while apoptosis induction is assessed via flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining and Annexin V. The combination produces synergistic effects and higher apoptosis, suggesting a sustainable, eco-friendly anti-cancer strategy, while calling for xenograft validation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unveiling-a-sustainable-approach-to-cancer-treatment-the-antitumor-activity-of-amygdalin-and-cell-free-supernatant-of-lacticaseibacillus-rhamnosus/375024/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unveiling-a-sustainable-approach-to-cancer-treatment-the-antitumor-activity-of-amygdalin-and-cell-free-supernatant-of-lacticaseibacillus-rhamnosus/375024.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the treatment?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study tested amygdalin and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus cell-free supernatant on MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was cell viability measured and how was apoptosis analyzed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and apoptosis induction was investigated using flow cytometric analyses with propidium iodide staining and Annexin V.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What effect did the combination of amygdalin and cell-free supernatant show?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The combination produced synergistic anti-cancer effects on both MCF-7 and A549 cells, with apoptosis increased compared with amygdalin alone.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},375024,1790734204,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":41},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Folia Microbiologica (2026) 71:863–874  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01289-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01289-x)  \nUnveiling a sustainable approach to cancer treatment: the antitumor activity of amygdalin and cell‑free supernatant of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus  \nOmnia Karem M. Riad1 · Hagar F. Forsan2 · Basma Abdulsamad3 · Heba Mohammed Refat M. Selim4 ·  \nWafaa S. Khalaf1  \nReceived: 25 January 2025 / Accepted: 18 June 2025 / Published online: 10 July 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nThe pharmaceutical industry increasingly prioritizes environmental sustainability across its strategies, focusing on developing eco-friendly anti-cancer treatments. This is particularly important considering many anti-cancer drugs are not fully metabolized and pollute aquatic ecosystems. Amygdalin, a plant-derived compound, and cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus show promise as sustainable anti-cancer agents. This study evaluated the potential anti-cancer activity of amygdalin and L. rhamnosus CFS against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in response to monotherapy and combination therapy treatments. The induction of apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometric analyses. The combination demonstrated a synergistic effect on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines, with a combination index (CI) value of 0.8159 ± 0.0245 and 0.6422 ± 0.0316, respectively. Further analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V confirmed increased apoptosis in combination-treated cells compared to those treated with amygdalin alone. These findings suggest that the combination of amygdalin and CFS ofL. rhamnosus exhibits a synergistic anti-cancer effect against MCF-7 and A549 cells. Therefore, this combination is considered sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective anti-cancer treatment. This is the first study to investigate the anti-cancer effect of amygdalin in combination with L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatant (CFS) while considering its potential for environmental sustainability. Further research in a xenograft animal model is warranted to validate these findings.  \nKeywords Amygdalin · Cancer treatment · Cell-free supernatant of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus · Environmental sustainability  \nIntroduction  \nDespite advancements in cancer treatment, the disease remains a leading cause of mortality. Tolerance and adherence are further hampered by the toxicity of traditional medicines. Furthermore, both classical and new cancer treatment techniques (chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy) have adverse effects that negatively affect the quality of human life (Mun et al. 2018 ; Khalaf et al. 2019) . Anti-cancer medicines are often poorly digested, and patients expel them unaltered into their urine and feces (Turci et al. 2003 ; Johnson et al. 2008 ; Mohammed et al. 2024) . This means that these drugs leak into the aquatic environment, as several anti-cancer medications are  \nExtended author information available on the last page of the article  \nfrequently not eliminated by wastewater treatment plants, posing a threat to aquatic microbial communities and, consequently, being harmful to humans (Li et al. 2021) .  \nAnother neglected issue in producing new drugs is the conservation of environmental resources. Integrating sustainability principles into the pharmaceutical industry’s microbial processes and product development presents significant challenges and has slowly been gaining popularity. As a result, the search for new sustainable, effective, and eco-friendly anti-cancer treatments is necessary (Mun et al. 2018 ; Wynendaele et al. 2021) .  \nAmygdalin is one of the promising plant-derived compounds with claimed anti-cancer activity. Amygdalin, acyanogenic glycoside, is a naturally occurring compound found in almonds and other Rosaceae plant seeds, primarily in apricot and almond kernels (He et al. 2020) . Amygdalin, a cyanogenic diglucosi","cbCailvW3aUEMc5B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailvW3aUEMc5B","pdf",1288290,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the treatment?\",\"answer\":\"The study tested amygdalin and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus cell-free supernatant on MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines.\"},{\"question\":\"How was cell viability measured and how was apoptosis analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and apoptosis induction was investigated using flow cytometric analyses with propidium iodide staining and Annexin V.\"},{\"question\":\"What effect did the combination of amygdalin and cell-free supernatant show?\",\"answer\":\"The combination produced synergistic anti-cancer effects on both MCF-7 and A549 cells, with apoptosis increased compared with amygdalin alone.\"}]","Unveiling a sustainable approach to cancer treatment: the antitumor activity of amygdalin and cell-free supernatant of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus | PDF",1790203012]