[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-140081-105":59,"doc-detail-140081-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","unsupervised-manga-character-re-identification-via-face-body-and-spatial-temporal-associated-clustering","Unsupervised Manga Character Re-identification via Face-body and Spatial-temporal Associated Clustering","","Unsupervised manga character re-identification addresses the need to link the same fictional characters across large volumes of unlabeled e-manga data, where artistic exaggeration, deformation, and stylistic constraints complicate consistent identity clustering. The proposal introduces FSAC, combining a face-body graph to leverage image integrity against artistic variability and a spatial-temporal relationship correction module using appearance-aware temporal-spatial triplet loss. Experiments on a manga dataset with 109 volumes show the method’s superior clustering performance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unsupervised-manga-character-re-identification-via-face-body-and-spatial-temporal-associated-clustering/140081/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unsupervised-manga-character-re-identification-via-face-body-and-spatial-temporal-associated-clustering/140081.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-19","2026-08-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the document address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It proposes unsupervised manga character re-identification to cluster and re-associate manga characters across volumes using unlabeled data.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is manga re-identification challenging compared with real-person data?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Artistic exaggeration, deformation, and drawing style limitations make appearances less consistent, and pseudo-labeling noise can degrade clustering in common unsupervised domain adaptation settings.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the two main components of the proposed FSAC method?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"FSAC uses a face-body combination module with a face-body graph and a spatial-temporal relationship correction module that fine-tunes clustering via a temporal-spatial-related triplet loss.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},140081,1787567563,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Unsupervised Manga Character Re-identification via Face-body and Spatial-temporal Associated  \nClustering  \nZhimin Zhang, Zheng Wang, Member, IEEE, Wei Hu, Senior Member, IEEE  \narXiv :2204 .04621v1 [ cs .CV] 10 Apr 2022  \nAbstract—In the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth in e-manga (electronic Japanese-style comics). Faced with the booming demand for manga research and the large amount of unlabeled manga data, we raised a new task, called unsupervised manga character re-identification. However, the artistic expression and stylistic limitations of manga pose many challenges to there-identification problem. Inspired by the idea that some contentrelated features may help clustering, we propose a Face-body and Spatial-temporal Associated Clustering method (FSAC). In the face-body combination module, a face-body graph is constructed to solve problems such as exaggeration and deformation in artistic creation by using the integrity of the image. In the spatialtemporal relationship correction module, we analyze the appearance features of characters and design a temporal-spatial-related triplet loss to fine-tune the clustering. Extensive experiments on a manga book dataset with 109 volumes validate the superiority of our method in unsupervised manga character re-identification.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nRECENT years have witnessed increasing attention in  \ncartoon and manga (Japanese-style comics) [1], driven by the strong demands of industrial applications. E-Manga is also becoming more popular as people's reading patterns have changed dramatically. For example, Amazon's Kindle store has over 60,000 e-manga on sale 1. Manga character recognition is a crucial task in manga-related research, which plays an important role in areas such as character retrieval and character clustering [18], [30] .  \nNevertheless, most existing character recognition methods require large amounts of labeled data [33], which limits the wide usability and scalability in real-world application scenarios, as it is both expensive and difficult to manually label large datasets. Unsupervised approaches have broader applicability in the face of a plethora of manga characters, but remain relatively under-explored.  \nFaced with the booming demand for manga research and the large amount of unlabeled manga data, we raised a new task, called Unsupervised Manga character Re-identification (or UManga-ReID) . A common strategy for UManga-ReID is  \nthe unsupervised domain adaptation approach, which transfers Corresponding authors: Zheng Wang and Wei Hu.  \nZhimin Zhang and Zheng Wang are with the School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, No.299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China (e-mails: fzhangzhimin,[wangzwhu](wangzwhug@whu.edu.cn)[g](wangzwhug@whu.edu.cn)[@whu.edu.cn](wangzwhug@whu.edu.cn)).  \nWei Hu is with Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University, No. 128, Zhongguancun North Street, Beijing, China (e-mail: [forhuwei@pku.edu.cn](forhuwei@pku.edu.cn)).  \n[1](1 Amazon.com)[ Amazon.com](1 Amazon.com) Kindle Comic. Retrieved on August 12, 2021, from [http://amzn.to/1KD5ZBK](http://amzn.to/1KD5ZBK)  \nFig. 1. (a) Taking advantage of the unique features of manga to make up for the challenges of the transfer task. (b) Why spatial-temporal relationship may help: exaggerated expressions such as B1 and A3 are difficult to recognize, but from the perspective of manga spatial-temporal relationship, A1-A3 and B1-B2 appear in sequences. (c) Why face-body combination may help: due to the limitation of painting style, different characters have similar faces, but different clothes constitute the signatures of the characters.  \nthe learned knowledge from the source domain by optimizing with pseudo labels created by clustering algorithms to the target domain [7] . In view of the intrinsic similarity between the real-person identities and cartoon characters, most related studies [33] adopt real-person data as the source domain and cartoon","cbCaitGooaEciT2a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitGooaEciT2a","pdf",5581535,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and Motivation\n## Challenges of Manga Re-identification\n## Proposed UManga-ReID Task\n## Related Approaches and Noise in Pseudo-labeling\n## Manga Content Characteristics for Clustering","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the document address?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes unsupervised manga character re-identification to cluster and re-associate manga characters across volumes using unlabeled data.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is manga re-identification challenging compared with real-person data?\",\"answer\":\"Artistic exaggeration, deformation, and drawing style limitations make appearances less consistent, and pseudo-labeling noise can degrade clustering in common unsupervised domain adaptation settings.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two main components of the proposed FSAC method?\",\"answer\":\"FSAC uses a face-body combination module with a face-body graph and a spatial-temporal relationship correction module that fine-tunes clustering via a temporal-spatial-related triplet loss.\"}]","Unsupervised Manga Character Re-identification via Face-body and Spatial-temporal Associated Clustering | PDF",25]