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Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers, where intratumoral bacteria may affect progression through DNA damage, tumour microenvironment modulation, and changes in host immune response. 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Journal of Translational Medicine (2024) 22:545  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05320-6](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05320-6)  \nJournal of Translational Medicine  \nREVIEW Open Access  \nUnravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insightsand future perspectives  \nWeiqin Lu 1, Aihemaitijiang Aihaiti2, Paziliya Abudukeranmu2, Yajun Liu2 and Huihui Gao3*  \nAbstract  \nRecently, research on the human microbiome, especially concerning the bacteria within the digestive system, has substantially advanced. This exploration has unveiled a complex interplay between microbiota and health, particularly in the context of disease. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays vital roles in digestion, immunity and the synthesis of vitamins and neurotransmitters, highlighting its significance in maintaining overall health. Conversely, disruptions in these microbial communities, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including digestive system cancers. These bacteria can influence cancer progression through mechanisms such as DNA damage, modulation of the tumour microenvironment, and effects on the host’s immune response. Changes in the composition and function within the tumours can also impact inflammation, immune response and cancer therapy effectiveness. These findings offer promising avenues for the clinical application of intratumoral bacteria for digestive system cancer treatment, including the potential use of microbial markers for early cancer detection, prognostication and the development of microbiome-targeted therapies to enhance treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pivotal roles played by gut microbiome bacteria in the development of digestive system cancers. Additionally, we delve into the specific contributions of intratumoral bacteria to digestive system cancer development, elucidating potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Ultimately, this review underscores the intricate interplay between intratumoral bacteria and digestive system cancers, underscoring the pivotal role of microbiome research in transforming diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic paradigms for digestive system cancers.  \nKeywords Intratumoral bacteria, Digestive system cancers, Functions, Mechanisms, Therapeutic strategy  \n*Correspondence:  \nHuihui Gao  \n[huihui_gao@126.com](huihui_gao@126.com)  \n1General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China  \n2Aksu First People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, China  \n3Cancer Center, Department of Hospital Infection Management and Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/l](http://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ([http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)) applies to the data made available","cbCaieFT5P1C8noz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieFT5P1C8noz","pdf",5863553,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What clinical applications does the review suggest for intratumoral bacteria?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights promising clinical avenues, including microbial markers for early cancer detection and prognostication, plus the development of microbiome-targeted therapies to improve treatment outcomes.\"}]","Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insightsand future perspectives | PDF",1789990121,45]