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Vitreous humor (VH), an ocular fluid tightly linked to the CNS, may serve as an underutilized biofluid for biomarker discovery. Method: Postmortem paired samples of VH, CSF, and blood plasma (n=133) were analyzed for Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and NfL using a Simoa Neurology 4-Plex assay, with plans to evaluate p-Tau217. Results and conclusion: VH shows biomarker signatures that may support early detection, differentiation of AD from ADRD subtypes, and future AI-assisted diagnostic integration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unlocking-the-potential-of-vitreous-humor-in-biomarker-discovery-for-alzheimers-disease-and-alzheimers-disease-related-dementias-poster-presentation/469883/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unlocking-the-potential-of-vitreous-humor-in-biomarker-discovery-for-alzheimers-disease-and-alzheimers-disease-related-dementias-poster-presentation/469883.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of this poster presentation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate whether vitreous humor can provide useful biomarker potential for Alzheimer’s Disease and other Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias, supporting early detection and differentiation of disease subtypes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which biological samples and biomarkers were analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Postmortem paired samples from vitreous humor, cerebral spinal fluid, and blood plasma were tested for Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and NfL.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were the samples measured and what additional analysis is planned?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Biomarkers were measured using a Simoa Neurology 4-Plex E (N4PE+) assay on an HD-X analyzer with specified dilution factors. The same samples are currently being analyzed for p-Tau217, with AI predictive modeling used to support accuracy and reliability.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What do the results suggest about future diagnostic use?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"VH may be a valuable source for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases, and integrating VH biomarkers with other markers plus AI-driven analysis could enhance diagnostic capabilities for clinicians.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},469883,1792810987,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","DOI: 10. 1002/alz70856_107504  \nBIOMARKERS  \nPOSTER PRESENTATION  \nBIOMARKERS (NON-NEUROIMAGING)  \nUnlocking the potential of vitreous humor in biomarker discovery for Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias  \nDariusz Pytel1   \nJennifer Belk 1  Melissa A Moss2  \nBrittany T Ivey 1 Carly Mitchell 1 Chang Liu3   \n Dorea P Jenkins 1  Michelle Ackerman 1  Laura Davis 1  Mihyun Lim Waugh2   \nFeng Ding4  Jody F Longo 1  Steven L Carroll 1  \n1 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA  \n2 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA  \n3 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA  \n4 Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA  \nCorrespondence  \nDariusz Pytel, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. [Email:](Email: pytel@musc.edu)[ pytel@musc.edu](Email: pytel@musc.edu)  \nAbstract  \nBackground:Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)andAD-Related Dementias(ADRDs)represent a growing public health challenge, underscoring the urgent need for accessible and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, progression monitoring, and therapeutic response assessment. The search for reliable and accessible biomarkers remains a critical challenge in advancing early diagnosis and precision medicine. Vitreous humor (VH), a transparent ocular fluid in close anatomical and physiological connection with the central nervous system(CNS), represents a promising yet underutilized biofluid for biomarker discovery. Recent studies suggest that VH has potential as a proxy for brain neuropathology. We hypothesize that VH may also provide useful biomarker potential for other neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed postmortem paired biosamples from VH, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma from individuals with AD and other ADRDs to test this hypothesis.  \nMethod: Postmortem blood plasma, CSF, and VH samples (n = 133) were obtained from the Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. Neuropathology Laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina. Samples were tested for Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and NfL. Relative concentrations were measured using the Simoa Neurology 4-Plex E (N4PE+) Advantage PLUS assay with a 4- fold dilution for blood plasma, 25-fold dilution for VH and 400-fold dilution for CSF on HD-X analyzer (Quanterix, MA). All samples were processed per manufacturer’s instructions in the immunoassay kits; we are currently analyzing the same samples for p-Tau217. Artificial intelligence (AI) predictive modeling (including neural networks) using retrospective and prospective cohorts is being used to ensure accuracy and reliability.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2025 The Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer’s Association.  \nAlzheimer’s Dement. 2025;21(Suppl. 2):e107504.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_107504](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_107504)  \nwi[leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz](leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz)  \n1of2  \nBIOMARKERS  \nResult: Our findings reveal biomarker signatures (Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and NfL) in the VH of AD and ADRDs. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these biomarkers for early disease detection and differentiation of AD from ADRD subtypes. We analyzed the relationship between VH biomarkers, blood plasma, CSF, clinical, and neuropathological measures.  \nConclusion: VH may be a valuable source for biomarker discovery inneurodegenerative disease such as AD, diffuse Lewy body disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We anticipate that integration of VH and other biomarkers with AI-driven data analysis will enhance diagnostic capabilities, ultimately supporting neurology and memory care clinicians in the future.","cbCaiagOYtw1qpmg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiagOYtw1qpmg","pdf",92337,"English","# Background\n# Method\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this poster presentation?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate whether vitreous humor can provide useful biomarker potential for Alzheimer’s Disease and other Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias, supporting early detection and differentiation of disease subtypes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biological samples and biomarkers were analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Postmortem paired samples from vitreous humor, cerebral spinal fluid, and blood plasma were tested for Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and NfL.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the samples measured and what additional analysis is planned?\",\"answer\":\"Biomarkers were measured using a Simoa Neurology 4-Plex E (N4PE+) assay on an HD-X analyzer with specified dilution factors. The same samples are currently being analyzed for p-Tau217, with AI predictive modeling used to support accuracy and reliability.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about future diagnostic use?\",\"answer\":\"VH may be a valuable source for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases, and integrating VH biomarkers with other markers plus AI-driven analysis could enhance diagnostic capabilities for clinicians.\"}]","Unlocking the potential of vitreous humor in biomarker discovery for Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias - Poster presentation | PDF",1790776406]