[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43505-en":3,"doc-seo-43505-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43505,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",8,"Research & Report","Unity of Science: Elements in the Philosophy of Science","Unity of science is a once-popular philosophical and scientific ideal that declined, mainly due to its association with reductionism and the challenge of multiple realisation. The work surveys how questions about reduction, natural kinds, and the ontological ground of unity should be understood today. Drawing on a historical overview and a contemporary analysis, the text argues that unity retains value when combined with pluralism, supported by a form of natural kind monism.","Philosophy of Science  \nUnity of Science  \nTuomas E. Tahko  \nISSN 2517-7273 (online)  \n[https://doi.org/10.1017/9781](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781)108581417 Published online by Cambridge University Press ISSN 2517-7265 (print)  \n[https://doi.org/10.1017/9781](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781)108581417 Published online by Cambridge University Press  \nElements in the Philosophy of Science  \nedited by  \nJacob Stegenga  \nUniversity of Cambridge  \nUNITY OF SCIENCE  \nTuomas E. Tahko University of Bristol  \n[https://doi.org/10.1017/9781](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781)108581417 Published online by Cambridge University Press  \nUniversity Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA  \n477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia  \n314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India  \n79 Anson Road, \\#06–04/06, Singapore 079906  \nCambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.  \nIt furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.  \n[www.cambridge.org](www.cambridge.org)  \nInformation on this [title: www.cambridge.org/9781108713382](title: www.cambridge.org/9781108713382)[ ](title: www.cambridge.org/9781108713382)DOI: 10. 1017/9781108581417  \n© Tuomas E. Tahko 2021  \nThis work is in copyright. It is subject to statutory exceptions and to the provisions of relevant licensing agreements; with the exception of the Creative Commons version the link for which is provided below, no reproduction of any part of this work may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. An online version of this work is published at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017](http://dx.doi.org/10.1017)[ ](http://dx.doi.org/10.1017)[/9781108581417 under a Creative Commons Open Access license CC-BY-NC-ND](/9781108581417 under a Creative Commons Open Access license CC-BY-NC-ND)  \n[4.0 which permits re-use](4.0 which permits re-use), [distribution and reproduction in any medium for](distribution and reproduction in any medium for)[ ](distribution and reproduction in any medium for)[non-commercial purposes providing appropriate credit to the original work is given.](non-commercial purposes providing appropriate credit to the original work is given.)[ ](non-commercial purposes providing appropriate credit to the original work is given.)You may not distribute derivative works without permission. To view a copy of this license, visit [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)All versions of this work may contain content reproduced under license from third parties. Permission to reproduce this third-party content must be obtained from these  \nthird parties directly.  \nWhen citing this work, please include a reference to the DOI 10.1017/9781108581417  \nFirst published 2021  \nA catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.  \nISBN 978-1-108-71338-2 Paperback  \nISSN 2517-7273 (online)  \nISSN 2517-7265 (print)  \nCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1017/9781](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781)108581417 Published online by Cambridge University Press  \nUnity of Science  \nElements in the Philosophy of Science  \nDOI: 10.1017/9781108581417 First published online: January 2021  \nTuomas E. Tahko  \nUniversity of Bristol  \nAuthor for correspondence: Tuomas E. Tahko, [tuomas.tahko@bristol.ac.uk](tuomas.tahko@bristol.ac.uk)  \nAbstract: Unity of science was once a very popular idea among both philosophers and scientists. But it has fallen out of fashi","cbCaimotsPVjFsie","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimotsPVjFsie","pdf",2419966,6,1,80,"English","en",105,"# 1 Introduction\n# 2 A Historical Overview of Unity\n# 3 Combining Unity and Pluralism\n# 4 Unity of Science and Natural Kinds\n# References","[{\"question\":\"Why has the idea of unity of science fallen out of fashion?\",\"answer\":\"It declined largely because it is associated with reductionism, and because multiple realisation poses a serious challenge to that approach.\"},{\"question\":\"What key questions about reductionism does multiple realisation challenge?\",\"answer\":\"The work asks what kind of reductionism is challenged, what it takes to reduce one phenomenon to another, and how natural kinds are identified.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book reconcile unity of science with pluralism?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that a modest sense of unity can be combined with pluralism, with an ontological analysis grounded in natural kind monism.\"}]",1783381900,202,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"unity-of-science-elements-in-the-philosophy-of-science","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unity-of-science-elements-in-the-philosophy-of-science/43505/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why has the idea of unity of science fallen out of fashion?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It declined largely because it is associated with reductionism, and because multiple realisation poses a serious challenge to that approach.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What key questions about reductionism does multiple realisation challenge?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The work asks what kind of reductionism is challenged, what it takes to reduce one phenomenon to another, and how natural kinds are identified.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the book reconcile unity of science with pluralism?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It argues that a modest sense of unity can be combined with pluralism, with an ontological analysis grounded in natural kind monism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,101,105,110,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":100},"Literature","literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]