[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663840-105":59,"doc-detail-663840-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","unit-iii-ultrastructure-and-functions-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-introduction-structure-and-functions","UNIT-III - ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - Introduction, Structure and Functions","","Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is described as a membrane-bound network of cavities, vesicles, and tubules distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and concentrated more in the endoplasm than the ectoplasm. The text explains key historical notes on its naming, outlines its structure with cisternae, vesicles, and tubules, and distinguishes rough/granular ER from smooth/agranular ER. It details common roles like mechanical support, transport, protein synthesis, lipid and cholesterol/steroid hormone synthesis, detoxification, and glycogenolysis, plus specific SER and RER functions in different cells.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unit-iii-ultrastructure-and-functions-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-introduction-structure-and-functions/663840/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unit-iii-ultrastructure-and-functions-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-introduction-structure-and-functions/663840.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"8796093062539","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the endoplasmic reticulum and where is it found in the cell?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-bound cavities, vesicles, and tubules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. It is more concentrated in the endoplasm than in the ectoplasm.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What are the three components of the endoplasmic reticulum structure?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The ER consists of three components: cisternae, vesicles, and tubules. Cisternae are long flattened sacs, vesicles are rounded/ovoidal, and tubules are smooth-walled highly branched structures.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How do rough (granular) and smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum differ?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is active in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes, has a smooth surface, and is especially developed in cells involved in steroid hormone-related processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},663840,1793232812,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":66,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":132,"file_id":133,"file_url":134,"file_type":135,"file_size":136,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":137,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},8796093062539,"UNIT-III  \nULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF  \nENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  \nIntroduction  \n􀂾 Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane bound cavities, vesicles and tubules, distributed throughout the cytoplasm.  \n􀂾 It is concerned with the biosynthesis of proteins and lipids  \n􀂾 It is more concentrated in the endoplasm than in the ectoplasm. Hence the name  \n􀂾 The term endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was introduced by Porter 1948  \n􀂾 According to Porter, the endoplasmic reticulum is a complex, finely divided vacuolar system extending from the nucleus throughout the cytoplasm to the margin of the cell  \n􀂾 Since this network is more concentrated in the endoplasm of the cytoplasm, the name endoplasmic reticulum was proposed  \n􀂾 De Robertis, Nowinski and Saez have coined another term, the cytoplasmic vacuolar system for this membrane bound cavities present in the cytoplasm  \n􀂾 Endoplasmic reticulum is absent from eggs, embryonic cells, RBC and bacteria  \nFig. A cell showing endoplasmic reticulum  \nStructure  \n􀂾 Endoplasmic reticulum consists of three components.  \n􀂾 They are cisternae, vesicles and tubules  \nFig. Endoplasmic reticulum  \nCisternae  \n􀂾 These are long flattened, unbranched sac-like structures.  \n􀂾 They are arranged in parallel bundles.  \n􀂾 Their diameter is 40-50 m. micron.  \n􀂾 They have ribosomes on their surface.  \n􀂾 They are normally found in secretory cells  \nFig. Cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum  \nVesicles  \n􀂾 These are rounded or ovoidal structures having the diameter of 25-500 m. microns.  \n􀂾 They are found in abundance in pancreatic cells.  \n􀂾 They are found at the end of cisternae and tubules.  \n􀂾 Many vesicles are left free in the cytoplasm  \nFig. 3D – View of endoplasmic reticulum  \nTubules  \n􀂾 These are smooth walled and highly branched tubular spaces having diverse forms.  \n􀂾 They have the diameter of 50-100 m. microns.  \n􀂾 They normally occur in non-secretory cells like striated muscle cells.  \n􀂾 They arise from the cisternae  \nFig. Components of endoplasmic reticulum  \n􀀹 Endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two types.  \n􀀹 They are:  \n1. Granular or rough endoplasmic reticulum  \n2. Agranular or smooth endoplasmic reticulum  \n1.Granular or rough endoplasmic reticulum  \n􀂾 In some endoplasmic reticulum, spherical granular structures called ribosomes are attached on the surface.  \n􀂾 This type of endoplasmic reticulum is called granular endoplasmic reticulum.  \n􀂾 The binding site of ribosome on the RER is called translocon.  \n􀂾 It occurs in almost all cells which are actively engaged in protein synthesis, such as liver cells, goblet cells, pancreatic cells and plasma cells.  \n􀂾 It is in the form of flattened sacs  \n2.Agranular or smooth endoplasmic reticulum  \n􀂾 Ribosomes are not attached with the membranes of this type of endoplasmic reticulum.  \n􀂾 So, the surface of this endoplasmic reticulum is smooth.  \n􀂾 It occurs especially in those cells which are almost inactive in protein synthesis.  \n􀂾 It is well developed in cells that synthesize steroid hormones.  \n􀂾 It is a system of tubules  \nFig. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum  \nFUNCTIONS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  \n􀂾 The endoplasmic reticulum acts as secretory, storage, circulatory and nervous system for the cell.  \n􀂾 It performs following important functions:  \nA . Common Functions of Granular and Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum  \n1 . Mechanical support:  \n􀀹 The endoplasmic reticulum divides the fluid content of the cell into different compartments by which it gives mechanical support to the cell.  \n􀀹 Hence it is known as the cytoskeleton of the cell  \n2 . Transport:  \n􀀹 Endoplasmic reticulum acts as a kind of circulatory system, involved in the import, export and intracellular circulation of various substances.  \n􀀹 By this process, proteins, lipids, enzymes, etc. are transported to the various parts of the cell  \n3 . Protein synthesis:  \n􀀹 Ribosomes are protein factories. Amino acids are assembled on ribosomes to produce polypeptide chains.  \n􀀹 ","cbCaioeYQGblu3Du","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioeYQGblu3Du","pdf",3055669,25,"English","# Introduction\n# Structure\n## Cisternae\n## Vesicles\n## Tubules\n# Types of endoplasmic reticulum\n## Granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum\n## Agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum\n# Functions of endoplasmic reticulum\n## Common functions of granular and agranular ER\n## Functions of smooth ER\n## Functions of rough ER","[{\"question\":\"What is the endoplasmic reticulum and where is it found in the cell?\",\"answer\":\"Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-bound cavities, vesicles, and tubules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. It is more concentrated in the endoplasm than in the ectoplasm.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three components of the endoplasmic reticulum structure?\",\"answer\":\"The ER consists of three components: cisternae, vesicles, and tubules. Cisternae are long flattened sacs, vesicles are rounded/ovoidal, and tubules are smooth-walled highly branched structures.\"},{\"question\":\"How do rough (granular) and smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum differ?\",\"answer\":\"Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is active in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes, has a smooth surface, and is especially developed in cells involved in steroid hormone-related processes.\"}]","UNIT-III - ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - Introduction, Structure and Functions | PDF",63]