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Detailed examples map noun-to-noun, noun-to-verb, noun-to-adjective, adjective-to-noun, and verb-to-adjective transformations, followed by compound adjectives and their formation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/unit-i-technical-vocabulary-word-formation-and-suffixes/412400/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/unit-i-technical-vocabulary-word-formation-and-suffixes/412400.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Mabel","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is technical vocabulary and why is it important?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Technical vocabulary is specialized vocabulary of a field that helps experts communicate with clarity, precision, relevance, and brevity. Improving it supports more effective professional communication.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How can learners build technical vocabulary effectively?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Learners can improve by using dictionaries, continuously learning and actively using new words, studying word origins, and understanding meanings from context. The dictionary provides exact meanings when context is unclear.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does suffixation affect a word’s meaning and word class?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Suffixation adds a unit at the end of an existing word, and it often alters the word class. For example, “KIND” (adjective) becomes “KINDNESS” (abstract noun) using the suffix “-ness”.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},412400,1790672012,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","UNIT I: TECHNICAL VOCABULARY  \n1.0 Learning Objectives  \n1.1 What is Technical Vocabulary?  \nTechnical Vocabulary is the specialized vocabulary of any field which evolves due to the need for experts in a field to communicate with clarity, precision, relevance and brevity. Prior to developing your technical vocabulary, to improve your general vocabulary in English is very essential. The thirst to learn new words, should be a continuous process; whenever you learn new words, try your best to use them while you communicate so that the words register in your mind.  \nThere are different strategies you can adopt to learn the words. Learn by knowing their origin. A dictionary is an invaluable tool to build your vocabulary. Sometimes you infer the meaning of a word from the context; but the meaning may not be exact. Only the dictionary would provide with the exact meaning.  \nOnce you have learnt to use the dictionary, you can improve your vocabulary in various ways. The most important one is word formation. Some of the methods of word formation are blending, compounding, coinage, borrowing clipping, etc.  \nIt is only in the process of derivation, the form of the word changes. This derivation takes place with the help of affixes. Small bits ofthe English language are affixed to root words. Some of the affixes are un, mis, pre, ful, less, etc. Affixes can be divided into two categories:  \n• Prefixes  \n• Suffixes.  \n1.1.1 Word Formation  \nHow words are formed?  \nWords are formed from existing ones by adding smaller units either at the beginning (prefix) or at the end (suffix) of an existing word.  \n1.1.2 Principles of word formation  \n• Affixation – Adding a unit/smaller word at the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of an existing word.  \n• Conversion  \n• Compounding  \nIn this lesson we shall learn about Suffixes.  \n1.2 SUFFIX  \n• Suffixation is adding a new unit/word at the end ofan existing word.  \n• Suffix often alters the word class of the base word.  \nWe shall now learn some important aspects of suffixation. Suffixes can alter the word class of the base ;  \nFor e.g.“KIND”(root word – adjective) becomes “KINDNESS”(abstract noun) on adding „ -ness‟ as a suffix.  \nLet us now see some examples of suffixes that change the word-class Common suffixes that alter word class –  \n1.3 NOUN to NOUN  \n− ster – gang/gangster  \n− er-teenage/teenager  \n− eer – profiteer (profit)  \n− ette – kitchenette/ kitchen  \n1.4 VERBS TO NOUNS  \n− er – work – worker  \n− ing – drive – driving  \n− age – cover – coverage  \n1.5 NOUN TO VERBS  \n− en – length – lengthen  \n− fy – beauty – beautify  \n− ze – apology – apologize  \n1.6 NOUN TO ADJECTIVE  \n− ful – cheer – cheerful  \n− less – care – careless  \n− ish – child – childish  \n1.7 ADJECTIVES TO NOUNS  \n− ness – bitter-bitterness  \n− th – deep – depth  \n− ce – distant – distance  \n1.8 VERBS TO ADJECTIVES  \n− ent – obey – obedient  \n− ant – please – pleasant  \n− tive – attend – attentive  \n1.9 LESS COMMON SUFFIXES  \nLess common suffixes associated with abstract nouns include  \n− ship – own – ownership  \n− dom – free – freedom  \n-th – deep – depth  \n− hood – adult – adulthood  \n1.10OMPOUND ADJECTIVES  \nAdjectives made up of two parts, usually written with a hyphen. Examples – „well-dressed‟,„never-ending  \nIts meaning is clear from the word it combines. The second part of the word is usually a present or past participle. A large number of compound adjectives are used to describe personal appearances and characters. (blue-eyed, curly-haired, easy-going, good-natured) .  \nIn some compound adjectives, the second word is often a preposition. For e.g.  \n• an all-out strike  \n• a broken-down bus  \n• a well-off gentleman  \n1.11 ARTICLES  \nArticles function as adjectives and modify nouns. They are used before nouns or adjectives and also used to clarify if a noun is specific or not specific.‘A’,‘An’ and ‘the’ are called articles.‘A’and ‘An’ are indefinite articles and ‘the’ is classified as ‘Definite’ article.  \n‘A’ and ‘An’","cbCaikI4ATJit5TS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikI4ATJit5TS","pdf",2368771,159,"English","# UNIT I: TECHNICAL VOCABULARY\n## 1.0 Learning Objectives\n## 1.1 What is Technical Vocabulary?\n## 1.1.1 Word Formation\n## 1.1.2 Principles of word formation\n## 1.1.1 Word Formation\n## 1.2 SUFFIX\n## 1.3 Noun to Noun\n## 1.4 Verbs to Nouns\n## 1.5 Noun to Verbs\n## 1.6 Noun to Adjective\n## 1.7 Adjectives to Nouns\n## 1.8 Verbs to Adjectives\n## 1.10 Compound Adjectives\n## 1.11 Articles","[{\"question\":\"What is technical vocabulary and why is it important?\",\"answer\":\"Technical vocabulary is specialized vocabulary of a field that helps experts communicate with clarity, precision, relevance, and brevity. Improving it supports more effective professional communication.\"},{\"question\":\"How can learners build technical vocabulary effectively?\",\"answer\":\"Learners can improve by using dictionaries, continuously learning and actively using new words, studying word origins, and understanding meanings from context. The dictionary provides exact meanings when context is unclear.\"},{\"question\":\"How does suffixation affect a word’s meaning and word class?\",\"answer\":\"Suffixation adds a unit at the end of an existing word, and it often alters the word class. For example, “KIND” (adjective) becomes “KINDNESS” (abstract noun) using the suffix “-ness”.\"}]","UNIT I - TECHNICAL VOCABULARY - Word Formation and Suffixes | PDF",1790591450,401]