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outline found in the most recent AP® Human Geography Course Description published by the College Board.  \n\n| Term | Definition |\n| --- | --- |\n| Annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation |\n| Antarctica | an extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle |\n| Apartheid | a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites |\n| Arab Spring | series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011 |\n| Balkanization | process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities |\n| boundary | Vertical planes between states that cuts through rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. |\n| Boundary, disputes (definitional, locational, operational, allocational) | Definitional-Disputes that arise from the legal language of the treaty definition of the boundary itself; one of the countries involved will usually sue another country in the International Court of Justice (World Court) .\u003Cbr>Locational-Disputes that arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the intention of the border is, as when the border has shifted (ex., a river shifts its course, changing the landscape) .\u003Cbr>Operational-Disputes that arise from two abutting or adjacent countries disagreeing about a major functionality of the border, as when the United States and Mexico disagree over the issue of illegal immigration into the United States.\u003Cbr>Allocational-Disputes that usually involve conflicting claims to the natural resources of a region and the drilling or mining of it. |\n\nUniversity of Texas at Austin UT High School  \nAPHUG Unit 4 Vocabulary  \n\n| Boundary, origin (antecedent, subsequent, superimposed, relic) | Antecedent-a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved into occupy the surrounding area.\u003Cbr>Subsequent-a boundary that developed with the evolution of the cultural landscape and is adjusted as the cultural landscape changes.\u003Cbr>Superimposed-A political boundary that ignores the existing cultural organization of the landscape, a superimposed boundary is usually placed by a higher authority, such as a superpower or a delegation of superpowers, to ease tension and satisfy the demands of the superpower alliances rather than the needs of the country in which the boundary is dividing the population. A boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns (typically a colonial boundary) .\u003Cbr>Relic-they no longer exist as international boundaries |\n| --- | --- |\n| Boundary, process (definition, delimitation, demarcation) | Definition-The phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated\u003Cbr>Delimitation-putting it on a map\u003Cbr>Demarcation-The process of showing the physical representation of a boundary on the landscape; Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means |\n| Boundary, type (natural/physical, ethnography/cultural, geometric) | Natural/physical-Boundaries created with naturally occurring features.\u003Cbr>Ethnographic/cultural-Boundaries that are outlined by cultural factors such as language, religion, or ethnic groups.\u003Cbr>Geometric-Boundaries created with latitude and longitude features or with other straight lines. |\n| Buffer State | a small neutral state between two rival powers |\n| Capital | a seat of government |\n| Centrifugal | tending to move away from a center, tending away from centralization, as of authority |\n| Centripetal | tending to unify |\n| colonialism | practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another area, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically |\n\nUniversity of Texas at A","cbCaikdhmVAuoXwh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikdhmVAuoXwh","pdf",135073,"English","# Unit 04 Vocabulary\n## Key Terms and Definitions\n## Boundary Concepts and Disputes\n## Colonialism, Governance, and Political Geography","[{\"question\":\"What is the APHUG Unit 04 glossary based on?\",\"answer\":\"The vocabulary list is structured according to the AP® Human Geography Course Description published by the College Board.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the glossary describe boundary disputes?\",\"answer\":\"It groups disputes into definitional, locational, operational, and allocational categories, explaining how each type arises and what kinds of disagreements it involves.\"},{\"question\":\"What boundary-related processes and types are included?\",\"answer\":\"The glossary defines processes such as definition, delimitation, and demarcation, and it also distinguishes boundary types including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric boundaries.\"}]","Unit 04 Glossary APHUG | PDF",1790611569,15]