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The meta-analysis compared recovered unemployed cases with a standard reference population and used forest-plot visualization. Cancer and subsequent treatment increased unemployment risk, with chemotherapy/radiation and brain or colorectal cancers linked to higher disability-related risk. Low education, female sex, older age, and pre-therapy overweight further elevated unemployment risk. Findings support specific health, social welfare, and employment support programs from diagnosis through 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to Cancer Diagnosis and Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  \nMartina Chimienti 1, *,†, Giustino Morlino 1, *,†, Fabio Ingravalle 1,2, Antonio Vinci 3, Emilio Colarusso 1, Carolina De Santo 1, Valeria Formosa 1, Lavinia Gentile 1, Grazia Lorusso 1, Claudia Mosconi 1,  \nMartina Scaramella 1, Virginia Rosca 1, Elena Veneziano 1, Francesco Torino 4, Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti 5 and Leonardo Palombi 5  \nCitation: Chimienti, M.; Morlino, G.; Ingravalle, F.; Vinci, A.; Colarusso, E.; De Santo, C.; Formosa, V.; Gentile, L.; Lorusso, G.; Mosconi, C.; et al. Unemployment Status Subsequent to Cancer Diagnosis and Therapies: A Systematic Review and  \nMeta-Analysis. Cancers 2023, 15, 1513 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers15051513  \nAcademic Editors: Mingzhe Ma, Ruogu Qi and Daniel S. Sitar  \nReceived: 27 January 2023  \nRevised: 25 February 2023  \nAccepted: 26 February 2023  \nPublished: 28 February 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”,  \n00133 Roma, Italy  \n2 Hospital Health Management Area, Local Health Authority “Roma 6”, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy  \n3 Hospital Health Management Area, Local Health Authority “Roma 1”, 00133 Roma, Italy  \n4 Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Roma, Italy  \n5 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Roma, Italy  \n* [Correspondence: martina.chimienti@gmail.com](Correspondence: martina.chimienti@gmail.com) (M.C.); [gmiustus@gmail.com](gmiustus@gmail.com) (G.M.)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nSimple Summary: In the future, numbers of cancer survivors will increase due to early detection and new therapies, but it is important to consider the long-term consequences of disease and treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of cancer and treatment on the employment status of cancer survivors. Implementing a strict selection of articles to be analyzed, in order to mitigate the interference of publication and selection bias on the final results, we highlighted how cancer, treatments, and related disabilities are risk factors for unemployment. We believe that the negative influence of cancer on people's lives, including in terms of employment status with consequential fallout for morbidity and mortality, needs to be addressed by promoting health and social welfare support programs from diagnosis to follow-up, substantiating patient involvement in treatment choices.  \nAbstract: The purpose of our study is to examine whether cancer and treatments are associated with job loss or changes in employment status. Eight prospective studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with a population aged 18–65 years, analyzing treatment regimen and psychophysical and social status in post-cancer follow-up of at least 2 years. In the meta-analysis, a comparison was made between recovered unemployed cases and cases from a standard reference population. Results are summarized graphically using a forest plot. We showed that cancer and subsequent treatment are risk factors for unemployment with an overall relative risk of 7.24 (lnRR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.32–2.63) or for change in employment status. Individuals undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment and those with brain and colorectal cancers are more likely to develop disabilities that negatively affect the risk of unemployment. Finally, variables such as low level education, female se","cbCaisRDVgcqf125","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisRDVgcqf125","pdf",1921490,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background and rationale\n## Unemployment as a public health issue\n# Study objectives and methods\n## Included studies and population\n## Meta-analysis approach and reporting\n# Key findings\n## Risk factors for unemployment\n# Implications and future support programs","[{\"question\":\"What is the study purpose regarding cancer survivors’ employment?\",\"answer\":\"To assess whether cancer and treatments are associated with job loss or changes in employment status among cancer survivors.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and what population was analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Eight prospective studies were included, covering adults aged 18–65 and evaluating treatment regimens plus psychophysical and social status after at least 2 years of follow-up.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatments and cancer types were linked to higher unemployment risk?\",\"answer\":\"Chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, and brain or colorectal cancers were associated with developing disabilities that negatively affect unemployment risk.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors increased the risk of unemployment in the results?\",\"answer\":\"Low level education, female sex, older age, and being overweight before starting therapy were associated with higher unemployment risk.\"}]","Unemployment Status Subsequent to Cancer Diagnosis and Therapies - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | PDF",1790263799,48]