[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-412825-105":59,"doc-detail-412825-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","understanding-the-challenges-preterm-birth-and-middle-childhood-psychomotor-skills-a-case-control-study","Understanding the Challenges: Preterm Birth and Middle Childhood Psychomotor Skills - A Case Control Study","","Study investigates how preterm birth influences physical fitness, postural stability, and psychomotor performance in 8-year-old children born before 35 weeks’ gestation. Forty preterm children (24–35 weeks) and 39 term peers underwent EUROFIT, Biodex Balance System postural stability tests, and the Vienna Test. Preterm children showed worse EUROFIT results, distinct postural stability advantages under closed-eye conditions, and weaker reactivity in stimulus response measures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-the-challenges-preterm-birth-and-middle-childhood-psychomotor-skills-a-case-control-study/412825/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-the-challenges-preterm-birth-and-middle-childhood-psychomotor-skills-a-case-control-study/412825.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the objective of the case-control study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To examine physical fitness, postural stability, and psychomotor performance in children aged 8 years who were born before 35 weeks’ gestation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were participants grouped and what tests were used?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study enrolled 40 preterm children (24–35 weeks) and 39 term children. Assessments included EUROFIT, Biodex Balance System postural stability tests, and the Vienna Test, with group comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U test.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What were the main findings for preterm children compared with term peers?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Preterm children achieved worse results across EUROFIT tests. They also showed better postural stability on unstable platforms with closed eyes and differed on Vienna Test outcomes, including fewer correct responses and mistakes but higher reaction times.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},412825,1791138844,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Kozakiewicz etal. BMC Pediatrics (2025) 25:1004 BMC Pediatrics  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06356-3](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06356-3)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nUnderstanding the challenges: preterm birth and middle childhood psychomotor skillsa case control study  \nMirela Kozakiewicz 1, Paulina Ewertowska 1*, Ewelina Perzanowska 1, Dominika Wilczyńska 2,  \nTamara Walczak-Kozłowska 3, Agnieszka Orl ikowska 1, Maria Markowicz 1, Jolanta Zajt 1 and Jan Kaczor4  \nAbstract  \nBackground In recent years, there has been a notable advancement in perinatal and neonatal intensive care, leading to a higher survival rate among infants born prematurely. Premature birth may have significant consequences for development, and numerous studies have highlighted the correlation between low birth weight, postnatal growth, and the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, as well as potential disturbances in cognitive function later in life. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical fitness, postural stability, and psychomotor performance of children aged 8 years, who were born before 35 weeks’ gestation.  \nMethods The study enrolled 40 children born between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation (PCh) and 39 children born at term (CTRL) . The European Physical Fitness Test (EUROFIT), postural stability tests using a Biodex Balance System, and the Vienna Test were performed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the results of PCh and CTRL. The power analysis was conducted by G*Power.  \nResults PCh achieved significantly worse results (p \u003C . 05) in all EUROFIT tests than CTRL. However, they performed better results (p \u003C . 01) of postural stability on unstable platform with closed eyes. In the Vienna Test, PCh achieved a significantly fewer (p \u003C . 05) correct responses and mistakes, but higher reaction times (p \u003C . 01) . PCh performed positive correlation (p \u003C . 05) between omitted responses and Plate-Taping Test and negative with Sit-and-Reach Test, and with OSI on the unstable platform with eyes closed. In CTRL there was positive correlation (p \u003C . 05) between Sit-and-Reach Test and correct responses and mistakes, and negative with median reaction time.  \nConclusions Preterm children aged 8 years present reduced motor skills, better dynamic postural stability with closed eyes, and weaker reactivity to stimuli in comparison to their peers born at term.  \nTrial registration number NCT05930522  \nKeywords Premature babies, EUROFIT, Stability, Balance, Vienna test system  \n*Correspondence:  \nPaulina Ewertowska  \n[paulina.ewertowska@awf.gda.pl](paulina.ewertowska@awf.gda.pl)  \n1Department of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland  \n2Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, Gdansk, Poland 3Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland  \n4Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this","cbCaiupXfXMliXZC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiupXfXMliXZC","pdf",1420479,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Trial registration","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of the case-control study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine physical fitness, postural stability, and psychomotor performance in children aged 8 years who were born before 35 weeks’ gestation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped and what tests were used?\",\"answer\":\"The study enrolled 40 preterm children (24–35 weeks) and 39 term children. Assessments included EUROFIT, Biodex Balance System postural stability tests, and the Vienna Test, with group comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U test.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings for preterm children compared with term peers?\",\"answer\":\"Preterm children achieved worse results across EUROFIT tests. They also showed better postural stability on unstable platforms with closed eyes and differed on Vienna Test outcomes, including fewer correct responses and mistakes but higher reaction times.\"}]","Understanding the Challenges: Preterm Birth and Middle Childhood Psychomotor Skills - A Case Control Study | PDF",1790592918,28]