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for Strategic Guidance  \nMay 2025  \nAndré A. Rupp & Laura Pinsonneault  \nNational Center for the Improvement of Educational Assessment  \nDover, New Hampshire  \nUNDERSTANDING STUDENT PERFORMANCE ON STATE ASSESSMENTS:  \nLeveraging Multiple Sources of State Data for Strategic Guidance  \nThe National Center for the Improvement of Educational Assessment, Inc. (the Center for Assessment) is a New Hampshire based not-for-profit (501(c)(3)) corporation. Founded in September 1998, the Center’s mission is to improve student learning by partnering with educational leaders to advance effective practicesand policies in support of high-quality assessment and accountability systems. The Center for Assessment does this by providing services directly to states, school districts, and partner organizations to support state and district assessment and accountability systems.  \nThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) . To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .  \nSUGGESTED CITATION:  \nRupp, A. A., & Pinsonneault, L.,(2025) . Understanding Student Performance on State Assessments: Leveraging Multiple Sources of State Data for Strategic Guidance, Center for Assessment.  \nPHOTO CREDIT:  \nCover Photo: Allison Shelley/The Verbatim Agency for EDUimages  \nPAGE 2  \nUNDERSTANDING STUDENT PERFORMANCE ON STATE ASSESSMENTS:  \nLeveraging Multiple Sources of State Data for Strategic Guidance  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nSECTION 1-INTRODUCTION TO FRAMEWORK.................... 5  \n• Motivation for Framework ................................................... 5  \n• Framework Components ..................................................... 5  \n• Framework Development .................................................... 7  \n• Organization of Document .................................................. 8  \nSECTION 2-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES FOR EFFECTIVE DATA INTERROGATION........................................ 8  \n• Practice 1: Start Early Through Strategic Planning............ 8  \n• Practice 2: Engage Experts Across Your Agency................ 9  \n• Practice 3: Invest in a Culture of Productive Curiosity ...10  \n• Practice 4: Ground Interpretations in Local Context Using Mixed-Format Data ................................... 10  \n• Practice 5: Frame Student Outcomes With Multiple Perspectives in Mind ........................................... 10  \nSECTION 3-ESSENTIAL DATA SOURCES ............................. 11  \n• Statistical Analysis Practices .............................................. 11  \n-Data Quality Practices ................................................ 11  \n-Data Analysis Practices .............................................. 12  \n• Source 1-Population Characteristics............................... 13  \n• Source 2-Assessment Information.................................. 14  \n-State Assessments...................................................... 14  \n-Interim Assessments .................................................. 14  \n-College Entrance Exams............................................. 15  \n-Educational Surveys ................................................... 15  \n• Source 3-Accountability Information.............................. 16  \n-Statewide System ....................................................... 16  \n-Local Systems .............................................................. 17  \n• Source 4-Conditions of Student Success........................ 17  \n-State-guided Initiatives .............................................. 17  \n-Locally-guided Initiatives............................................ 18  \nSECTION 4-ILLUSTRATIVE USE CASES ................................ 19  \n• Use Case 1: Public State Assessment Results Reporting ................................................................ 1","cbCaihJJy9viXlHc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihJJy9viXlHc","pdf",1591998,25,"English","# SECTION 1-INTRODUCTION TO FRAMEWORK\n## Motivation for Framework\n## Framework Components\n## Framework Development\n## Organization of Document\n# SECTION 2-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES FOR EFFECTIVE DATA INTERROGATION\n## Practice 1: Start Early Through Strategic Planning\n## Practice 2: Engage Experts Across Your Agency\n## Practice 3: Invest in a Culture of Productive Curiosity\n## Practice 4: Ground Interpretations in Local Context Using Mixed-Format Data\n## Practice 5: Frame Student Outcomes With Multiple Perspectives in Mind\n# SECTION 3-ESSENTIAL DATA SOURCES\n## Statistical Analysis Practices\n## Source 1-Population Characteristics\n## Source 2-Assessment Information\n## Source 3-Accountability Information\n## Source 4-Conditions of Student Success\n# SECTION 4-ILLUSTRATIVE USE CASES\n## Use Case 1: Public State Assessment Results Reporting\n## Use Case 2: Local Outreach on Assessment and Accountability Results\n## Use Case 3: Internal Strategic Planning to Support Districts\n# CONCLUDING THOUGHTS","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the document on state assessments?\",\"answer\":\"It provides an overarching conceptual framework to guide state education agencies in understanding student performance by using multiple sources of state data for strategic direction.\"},{\"question\":\"Which professional practices support effective data interrogation?\",\"answer\":\"The framework emphasizes starting early with strategic planning, engaging experts across the agency, building a culture of productive curiosity, grounding interpretations in local context using mixed-format data, and framing student outcomes with multiple perspectives.\"},{\"question\":\"What essential data sources are covered?\",\"answer\":\"The document covers population characteristics, assessment information (including state, interim, college entrance exams, and educational surveys), accountability information (statewide and local systems), and conditions of student success (state-guided and locally-guided initiatives).\"}]","UNDERSTANDING STUDENT PERFORMANCE ON STATE ASSESSMENTS - Leveraging Multiple Sources of State Data for Strategic Guidance | PDF",63]