[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-314995-105":59,"doc-detail-314995-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","understanding-racialethnic-gaps-in-ap-exam-performance-march-2023","Understanding Racial/Ethnic Gaps in AP Exam Performance - March 2023","","Explores how racial and ethnic disparities appear in Advanced Placement (AP) Exam performance and evaluates why those gaps persist. Using multilevel regression models on 2022 AP administration data, the analysis compares raw differences in the share of students scoring 3 or higher across White, Black, and Hispanic students, then adjusts for prior academic preparation measured by PSAT/SAT-related assessments and high school GPA. Findings indicate that in the ten most popular AP subjects, race/ethnic gaps are nearly fully explained by differences in prior academic experiences, leaving only minimal differences tied to other student or school background factors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-racialethnic-gaps-in-ap-exam-performance-march-2023/314995/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-racialethnic-gaps-in-ap-exam-performance-march-2023/314995.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What AP performance gaps are examined by race and ethnicity?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The document examines differences in AP Exam scores, focusing on the percentage of students scoring 3 or higher across White, Black, and Hispanic students in the ten most popular AP subjects.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are the gaps analyzed to determine what explains them?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It uses multilevel regression modeling to adjust raw score gaps for prior academic achievement using PSAT-related assessment and/or SAT scores and high school GPA, then adds further student and school background controls.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What do the results suggest about the source of racial/ethnic gaps in AP scores?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"In the ten most popular AP subjects, racial/ethnic gaps are nearly fully explained by differences in prior academic experiences, with only minimal remaining differences attributable to other student and school context variables.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},314995,1789902453,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Understanding Racial/Ethnic Gaps in AP® Exam Performance  \nMaureen Ewing, Executive Director, College Board Jeff Wyatt, Senior Research Scientist, College Board March 2023  \nContents  \nIntroduction...............................................................................................................3  \nData and Methods.....................................................................................................3  \nResults.......................................................................................................................5  \nBlack-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores ........................................................................................................................5  \nHispanic-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores ..................................................................6  \nSummary ...................................................................................................................6  \nReferences ................................................................................................................7  \nAppendix ...................................................................................................................8  \nAbout the College Board..........................................................................................8  \nTable of Figures  \nTable 1: Analytic Sample Sizes by AP Course and Race/Ethnicity ............................4  \nTable A1: Size of Race Gaps in 2022 AP Exam Scores for Different Levels of Controls, Sample and Model-Based, All AP Subjects .............................................. 8  \nFigure 1: Black-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores, by Subject and Different Control Variables .................................................................................................................. 5  \nFigure 2: Hispanic-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores, by Subject and Different Control Variables ................................................................................................................... 6  \nIntroduction  \nRacial gaps in educational achievement have long been evident on both standardized measures like the National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) and non-standardized measures like grades in high school and college (Wayne & Schmidt, 1999) . The most recent data from NAEP reveals that the average mathematics score for White fourth-grade students in 2022 was 29 points higher than their Black peers and 22 points higher than their Hispanic peers (U.S. Department of Education, 2022) . These observed gaps persist through high school. Average NAEP mathematics scores for White twelfth-grade students in 2019 were 31 points higher than their Black peers and 21 points higher than their Hispanic peers (U.S. Department of Education, 2019a) . Similar achievement gaps by  \nrace/ethnicity appear on the NAEP Reading assessments (U.S. Department of Education, 2019) . Recent data on grades in college also reveal White students earn higher average first-year grades (3 .12 ) than their Black (2 .68) and Hispanic (2 .84) peers attending one of 171 four-year colleges and universities included in the study (Marini et al. , 2019) .  \nLike other measures, student performance on AP® Exams also reveals gaps by race and ethnicity. Average scores (on the 1-5 AP scale) across all 2022 AP Exams, for example, are lower among Black (2 . 1) and Hispanic students (2 .4) than among White students (3 .0) and Asian students (3 .4) . Yet, in the analyses below, we find that racial/ethnic gaps in AP Exam scores in the ten most popular AP subjects are nearly fully explained by differences in prior academic experiences, with only minimal differences attributable to other student and school background data. Students who enter the AP Program with similar academic preparation in prior grades, earn similar AP Exam scores regardless of their racial/ethnic subgroup, gender, parental education level, eligibility for an AP exam fee reduction, or school con","cbCaijM1oZnIkS2U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijM1oZnIkS2U","pdf",838388,"English","# Introduction\n# Data and Methods\n# Results\n## Black-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores\n## Hispanic-White Gaps in AP Exam Scores\n# Summary\n# References\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What AP performance gaps are examined by race and ethnicity?\",\"answer\":\"The document examines differences in AP Exam scores, focusing on the percentage of students scoring 3 or higher across White, Black, and Hispanic students in the ten most popular AP subjects.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the gaps analyzed to determine what explains them?\",\"answer\":\"It uses multilevel regression modeling to adjust raw score gaps for prior academic achievement using PSAT-related assessment and/or SAT scores and high school GPA, then adds further student and school background controls.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about the source of racial/ethnic gaps in AP scores?\",\"answer\":\"In the ten most popular AP subjects, racial/ethnic gaps are nearly fully explained by differences in prior academic experiences, with only minimal remaining differences attributable to other student and school context variables.\"}]","Understanding Racial/Ethnic Gaps in AP Exam Performance - March 2023 | PDF"]