[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-291770-105":59,"doc-detail-291770-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","understanding-incoterms-2010-introduction-to-incoterms-rules-and-usage","UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010 - Introduction to Incoterms rules and usage","","Guide to INCOTERMS 2010 for international trade, explaining why Incoterms reduce ambiguity by defining costs, risks, and responsibilities between seller and buyer. Covers the purpose and history of the rules, the shift from earlier versions to the 2010 set, and how terms are grouped by obligations and by transportation mode. Includes comparison of old and new terms and clarifies correct versus incorrect usage, with practical points to remember for risk-aware execution of orders.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-incoterms-2010-introduction-to-incoterms-rules-and-usage/291770/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-incoterms-2010-introduction-to-incoterms-rules-and-usage/291770.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main purpose of INCOTERMS in international trade?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"INCOTERMS are predefined rules that remove ambiguity by clearly communicating costs, risks, and responsibilities for both seller and buyer.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"When did INCOTERMS 2010 come into effect, and how many terms does it define?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"INCOTERMS 2010 came into effect from 1st Jan 2011 and defines 11 terms, down from 13 in the previous version.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are INCOTERMS 2010 terms classified?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"They are divided by obligations into E, F, C, and D groups, and also by mode of transportation into rules used for sea/inland waterways and rules usable for other modes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},291770,1789646760,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Understanding INCOTERMS 2010  \nALOK S. PATHAK  \n8th January, 2016.  \nCONTENTS-  \n1. Introduction.  \n2. The present version – INCOTERMS 2010.  \n3. A Bird’seye viewof INCOTERMS– Division and Classification.  \n4. Containerized vs. Non-Containerized shipments.  \n5. Details of Individual terms.  \n6. Understanding INCOTERMS.  \n7. Correct and Incorrect usage.  \n8. Important pointsto remember.  \n9. References.  \n\"Incoterms\" is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) .  \nThis is a freelance work of the author and has no association or affiliation with ICC. Please refer to the official ICC publication no. 715 for the text at [http://store.iccwbo.org/incoterms-201](http://store.iccwbo.org/incoterms-2010)[0](http://store.iccwbo.org/incoterms-2010)  \nSource : [http://www.iccwbo.org/products-and-services/trade-facilitation/incoterms-2010/the-incoterms-rules/](http://www.iccwbo.org/products-and-services/trade-facilitation/incoterms-2010/the-incoterms-rules/)  \nElectronic copy available at: [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2712669](http://ssrn.com/abstract=2712669)  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nWhen it comes to International Trade, INCOTERMS (or International Commercial Terms) as defined by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) play a very important role. You may have everything in place, a secure order, LC from your Bank, trusted Suppliers of Raw Materials, the best quote from Shipping Company, an excellent opinion report on your Buyer/Seller and all the regulatory permissions for your order, but the slightest misunderstanding of INCOTERMS can lead to unforeseen circumstances or even loss in some cases (the most popular term CIF is a good example of this as we will see later on). Hence, thorough understanding of INCOTERMS is critical for error-free and risk-free execution ofan order.  \nMutual understanding, amicable relationship and trust between Trading Partners is what everyone involved in International Trade aspires for. However, such a relationship and trust isnot developed overnight and can takes years to develop. People are hesitant to start business relations with a party that sits in a different Country altogether and whom they have never seen or met before. It is to remove this hesitation that ICC published the INCOTERMS.  \nThe primary intention of INCOTERMS is to remove any ambiguity in international trade. They are a set of predefined rules that help to clearly communicate the various costs, risksand responsibilities of both the trading partners viz. the seller and the buyer. First published in 1936, today they are used world over and have greatly contributed in facilitating and improving International Trade.  \n2. THE PRESENT VERSION- INCOTERMS 2010  \nAs per the changing needs and trends, INCOTERMS are updated periodically and the latest version, the 18th one is known as INCOTERMS 2010. These came into effect from 1st Jan 2011 and have 11 defined terms, down from the 13 in the previous version. Three of the pervious terms DAF, DES and DDU have been merged to form a new term DAP. Also, DEQ has been renamed a DAT. The following table shows the comparison of old terms with the new ones–  \n\n| Sr. | INCOTERMS | INCOTERMS | Changes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| No. | 2000 | 2010 |  |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>1 | EXW | EXW | No Change |\n| 2 | FAS | FAS | Now, the Seller does Export Clearance instead of the Buyer. |\n| 3 | FOB | FOB | No Change |\n| 4 | FCA | FCA | No Change |\n| 5 | CFR | CFR | No Change |\n| 6 | CIF | CIF | No Change |\n| 7 | CPT | CPT | No Change |\n| 8 | CIP | CIP | No Change |\n| 9 | DDP | DDP | No Change |\n| 10 | DAF | DAP | 3 terms merged to form a new term DAP |\n| 11 | DES |  |  |\n| 12 | DDU |  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>13 | DEQ | DAT | Terminology Changed. |\n\n(DAF-Delivered at Frontier; DES-Delivered ex-Ship; DDU-Delivered Duty Paid & DEQ-Delivered ex-Quay are no longer in use. Others are discussed in detail in section 5.)  \nALOK S. PATHAK | Email: [alokspathak@gmail.com](alokspathak@gmail.com)   2 of 9    \nElectronic copy availab","cbCaibmO26w8CTLY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibmO26w8CTLY","pdf",85252,"English","# Introduction\n# The present version - INCOTERMS 2010\n# A bird’s eye view of INCOTERMS - Division and classification\n# Containerized vs. Non-Containerized shipments\n# Details of Individual terms\n# Understanding INCOTERMS\n# Correct and Incorrect usage\n# Important points to remember\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of INCOTERMS in international trade?\",\"answer\":\"INCOTERMS are predefined rules that remove ambiguity by clearly communicating costs, risks, and responsibilities for both seller and buyer.\"},{\"question\":\"When did INCOTERMS 2010 come into effect, and how many terms does it define?\",\"answer\":\"INCOTERMS 2010 came into effect from 1st Jan 2011 and defines 11 terms, down from 13 in the previous version.\"},{\"question\":\"How are INCOTERMS 2010 terms classified?\",\"answer\":\"They are divided by obligations into E, F, C, and D groups, and also by mode of transportation into rules used for sea/inland waterways and rules usable for other modes.\"}]","UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010 - Introduction to Incoterms rules and usage | PDF",23]