[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602929-105":59,"doc-detail-602929-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","understanding-de-certeaus-concepts-of-strategy-and-tactics-in-relation-to-the-educational-policy-analysis","Understanding De Certeau’s Concepts of Strategy and Tactics in Relation to the Educational Policy Analysis","","The paper examines De Certeau’s framework for interpreting modern consumer society through the linked concepts of strategy and tactics, and connects this lens to educational policy analysis. It contrasts nineteenth-century sociological optimism about consumption with twentieth-century pessimism, especially the Frankfurt School view that mass consumption signals the “end/death of the individual.” Against this, De Certeau argues that everyday consumers transform imposed products and production objects into artistic forms through their own usage practices. The study claims these ideas can provide new perspectives for education policy work.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-de-certeaus-concepts-of-strategy-and-tactics-in-relation-to-the-educational-policy-analysis/602929/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-de-certeaus-concepts-of-strategy-and-tactics-in-relation-to-the-educational-policy-analysis/602929.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the study focus on De Certeau’s concepts of strategy and tactics?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It aims to reveal De Certeau’s original approach to modern consumer society and explore his views using these two core concepts, then extend that perspective to education policy analysis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do the paper’s sociological views differ across time periods?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It contrasts nineteenth-century sociologists’ relatively positive hopes for consumption with twentieth-century pessimism, particularly the Frankfurt School description of mass consumption as the “end/death of the individual.”",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is De Certeau’s alternative to the pessimistic view of consumer society?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"De Certeau argues that consumers, though treated as passive, actively transform products and production objects imposed by dominant systems into artistic forms via everyday ways of using and reproducing them.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602929,1792208715,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Understanding De Certeau’s Concepts of Strategy and Tactics in Relation to the Educational Policy Analysis 1  \nAznavur DEMİRPOLAT2  \nÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University  \nAbstract  \nDue to the Industrial Revolution in Britain, the spread of production and consumption paved the way for consumption, especially excessive and luxury consumption, ceasing to be the privilege of aristocrats and other upper social classes. With the development of modern capitalism, the bourgeoisie/middle classes, which started to rise in the West, especially in America and Europe alongside the aristocracy in many spaces, began to utilize consumption and objects of consumption asa manifestation of their own class differences and privileges just like the aristocracy did. Many nineteenth century sociologists, notably Weber, Simmel, and Veblen, approached this process“positively” with great hopes. However, by the twentieth century, French sociologists, especially Lefebvre and members of the Frankfurt School, were pessimistic to modern consumer society and consumer culture. This pessimistic approach, as can be seen in the example of the Frankfurt school, described the prevalence of mass production and consumption in the modern era as the “end/death of the individual”. Contrary to this pessimistic view, de Certeau proposes that consumers who are considered to be passive spontaneously transform any kind of products and production objects imposed on them by the dominant order and/or capitalist system into artistic forms by means of (different) ways of using and reproducing those objects in everyday life. Certeau elaborates the ways of action and production created by the consumer against the “strategies” of the system in daily life as“tactics” of the user/consumer. Therefore, this study aims to reveal Certeau’s original approach to modern consumer society and to try to explore his views on this subject through his two basic concepts, namely “strategy” and “tactics”. This study also tries to illustrate that De Certeau’s analysis of modern consumption culture and his concepts of strategy and tactics offer new perspectives to those who are working on education policies.  \nKeywords: De Certeau, Consumption, Strategy, Tactics, Education Policy  \nDOI: 10.29329/epasr.2020.373.18  \n1 This study is the revised and expanded version of the section entitled in “Everyday Life, Strategy and Tactics in Michel De Certeau” (pp. 1-24) included the Textbook of Sociology of Everyday Life published by the Atatürk University Open Education Faculty in 2015.  \n2 Associate Prof., Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sosyoloji Bölümü, Çanakkale/Türkiye, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9341-0476.  \nEmail: [a.demirpolat@comu.edu.tr](a.demirpolat@comu.edu.tr),  \nIntroduction  \nIn pre-capitalist societies, there was a sharper and more pronounced relationship between consumer culture and social status. Compared to the lower social classes, excessive consumption was the key feature of the upper social strata, especially the aristocracy. In traditional societies, consumption habits and consumption objects, among many other social factors, were the basic dynamics that both revealed and produced differences in social status. It is possible to divide societies into two basic classes based on consumption culture and consumption habits: On the one hand, the aristocracy and their highly exaggerated consumer culture, and on the other hand, lower social classes and their fairly simple and ordinary consumption culture that can be seen as a mere reflection of the understanding of subsistence economy.  \nUntil the Industrial Revolution took place in Britain in the nineteenth century, leading the spread of “mass production”, production and trade in many parts of the world were largely aimed at meeting the consumption needs of the upper social status groups, especially the aristocracy. In other words, most of the consumer goods traded and brought from long distances were largely appealing to the","cbCaikwQ30Yl4vO8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikwQ30Yl4vO8","pdf",217382,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Approaches to the Consumer Society","[{\"question\":\"Why does the study focus on De Certeau’s concepts of strategy and tactics?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to reveal De Certeau’s original approach to modern consumer society and explore his views using these two core concepts, then extend that perspective to education policy analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the paper’s sociological views differ across time periods?\",\"answer\":\"It contrasts nineteenth-century sociologists’ relatively positive hopes for consumption with twentieth-century pessimism, particularly the Frankfurt School description of mass consumption as the “end/death of the individual.”\"},{\"question\":\"What is De Certeau’s alternative to the pessimistic view of consumer society?\",\"answer\":\"De Certeau argues that consumers, though treated as passive, actively transform products and production objects imposed by dominant systems into artistic forms via everyday ways of using and reproducing them.\"}]","Understanding De Certeau’s Concepts of Strategy and Tactics in Relation to the Educational Policy Analysis | PDF",1792095456,33]