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This review traces how dosimetry has progressed from empirical and body-surface-area approaches to partition and voxel-based methods. It summarizes advanced (personalized) dosimetry evidence across multiple tumor types, compares MIRD, partition, and voxel techniques, and highlights emerging dose–response concepts. Evidence supports broader adoption while identifying barriers, the need for standardized protocols, prospective validation, and scalable workflows.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-current-trends-and-advances-in-transarterial-radioembolization-dosimetry/465790/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-current-trends-and-advances-in-transarterial-radioembolization-dosimetry/465790.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is dosimetry critical for outcomes in transarterial radioembolization (TARE)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"TARE outcomes and overall survival depend heavily on dosimetry because it governs how radiation dose is distributed and targeted within the liver and tumor.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do partition and voxel-based dosimetry differ from traditional MIRD approaches?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Partition and voxel-based methods allow more individualized dose assessment than single-compartment MIRD, enabling evaluation of dose distributions and metrics beyond mean dose targets using voxel-derived information.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence does the review describe for advanced dosimetry benefits in different tumor types?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review reports that personalized dosimetry improves outcomes across multiple tumor types, including a randomized HCC trial favoring partition-based dosing over MIRD, and associations between higher tumor doses or voxel-derived metrics and improved response or survival in other cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},465790,1791224745,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Review  \nUnderstanding Current Trends and Advances in Transarterial Radioembolization Dosimetry  \nShamar Young 1, Kiyon Naser-Tavakolian 2, *, Abin Sajan 2, Stephen Reis 2, Gregory Woodhead 1, Tyler Sandow 3, Juan Gimenez 3, Kirema Garcia-Reyes 4, Zachary Berman 5  \nand Venkatesh P. Krishnasamy 6  \nAcademic Editor: Francesco Giurazza  \nReceived: 3 November 2025  \nRevised: 18 December 2025  \nAccepted: 20 December 2025  \nPublished: 23 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Interventional Radiology, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA  \n2 Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA  \n3 Interventional Radiology, Ocshner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA  \n4 Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA  \n5 Interventional Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA  \n6 Interventional Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; [vkpk27@gmail.com](vkpk27@gmail.com)  \n* Correspondence: [kiyonnt@gmail.com](kiyonnt@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) is an established therapy for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Outcomes depend heavily on dosimetry, which has evolved from empirical and body-surface-area methods to partition and voxel-based approaches. This review summarizes current evidence for advanced (personalized) dosimetry across tumor types, highlights emerging dose–response concepts, and outlines practical barriers and implementation strategies. A narrative review of peer-reviewed clinical studies and trials evaluating dosimetry in TARE, with emphasis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and breast cancer liver metastases, was performed with comparison of single-compartment medical internal radiation dosimetry method (MIRD), partition (multicompartment) methods, and voxel-based dosimetry methodologies. Personalized dosimetry improves outcomes in multiple tumor types. A randomized trial in HCC showed superior overall survival with partition-based dosing versus MIRD. In selective HCC treatments, voxel-derived metrics (e.g., D95) correlate with complete pathologic necrosis, suggesting benefit beyond mean dose targets. For iCCA, data associate higher tumor doses with better radiologic response, progression-free survival, and downstaging. In mCRC, voxel-based and threshold analyses link specific tumor and margin doses with metabolic/radiographic response and survival. Smaller series in NET and breast cancer indicate dose–response relationships using advanced dosimetry. Evidence supports broader adoption of advanced dosimetry in TARE. Emerging strategies that ensure adequate coverage of the “coldest” tumor regions and thoughtful particle-load planning may further optimize results. Standardized protocols, prospective validation, and scalable workflows are needed to accelerate implementation.  \nKeywords: transarterial radioembolization; Yttrium-90; voxel-based dosimetry; personalized dosimetry; liver malignancy  \n1. Introduction  \nTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) has become a well-established treatment method for primary and secondary malignancies of the liver [1–6] . TARE, a brachytherapy, delivers radiation attached to/embedded within minimally or non-embolic microspheres, through the arteries of the liver. As such, TARE provides several advantages, including utilization of preferential blood flow to the tumor over the adjacent normal liver tissue, allowing therapeutic doses to the tumor with limited liver toxicity. However, heterogeneous perfusion within the tumor remains a challenge. Unsurprisingly, dosimetry, the science of understanding dos","cbCaihc6lmGuMnHM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihc6lmGuMnHM","pdf",287802,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Transarterial radioembolization and rationale for dosimetry\n## Evolution from non-personalized to personalized dosimetry\n## Voxel-based dosimetry: dose maps, DVH, and hot/cold spots\n## Table 1: Comparison of dosimetry methods","[{\"question\":\"Why is dosimetry critical for outcomes in transarterial radioembolization (TARE)?\",\"answer\":\"TARE outcomes and overall survival depend heavily on dosimetry because it governs how radiation dose is distributed and targeted within the liver and tumor.\"},{\"question\":\"How do partition and voxel-based dosimetry differ from traditional MIRD approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Partition and voxel-based methods allow more individualized dose assessment than single-compartment MIRD, enabling evaluation of dose distributions and metrics beyond mean dose targets using voxel-derived information.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the review describe for advanced dosimetry benefits in different tumor types?\",\"answer\":\"The review reports that personalized dosimetry improves outcomes across multiple tumor types, including a randomized HCC trial favoring partition-based dosing over MIRD, and associations between higher tumor doses or voxel-derived metrics and improved response or survival in other cancers.\"}]","Understanding Current Trends and Advances in Transarterial Radioembolization Dosimetry | PDF",1790770070]