[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-330461-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-330461-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","understanding-and-overcoming-resistance-to-immunotherapy-in-genitourinary-cancers-review","Understanding and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers - review","","The introduction of novel immunotherapies has reshaped treatment for genitourinary cancers, with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab becoming standard in selected settings. Not all tumors respond, so recent studies focus on how cancer cells evade immune attack and the mechanisms driving resistance. This review summarizes immunotherapy resistance pathways, discusses biomarkers and immune mediators, and evaluates strategies to overcome failure, including combination and sequential therapies, targeted approaches, and integration with chemotherapy, vaccines, and radiation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-and-overcoming-resistance-to-immunotherapy-in-genitourinary-cancers-review/330461/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-and-overcoming-resistance-to-immunotherapy-in-genitourinary-cancers-review/330461.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why do some genitourinary tumors fail to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Not all tumors are responsive because cancer cells can evade the immune response through multiple resistance mechanisms affecting signaling pathways and immune interactions.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What are the main types of resistance discussed for immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The article highlights primary resistance present at treatment onset and adaptive resistance that develops during therapy due to changes in growth factors, cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. It also notes acquired resistance at genetic and translational levels.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How might future therapies overcome immunotherapy resistance?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Future directions include detailed genetic profiling and immune profile monitoring to predict response, alongside developing novel targeted therapies and continuing work on combination or sequential treatment strategies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},330461,1790746079,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1649267921044,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1786009248482753345","REVIEW  \nUnderstanding and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers  \nSean T Evans a, Yash Janib, Caroline S Jansenc,d, Ahmet Yildirimd,e, Ecem Kalemogluf,g, and Mehmet Asim Bilend,e  \naDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; bUndergraduate studies, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA; cMedical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; dGenitourinary Medical Oncology Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; eDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; fDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; gDepartment of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey  \nABSTRACT  \nThe introduction of novel immunotherapies has significantly transformed the treatment landscape of genitourinary (GU) cancers, even becoming the standard of care in some settings. One such type of immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, andatezolizumab play a pivotal role by disturbing signaling pathways that limit the immune system’s ability to fight tumor cells. Despite the profound impact of these treatments, not all tumors are responsive. Recent research efforts have been focused on understanding how cancer cells manage to evade the immune response and identifying the possible mechanisms behind resistance to immunotherapy. In response, ICIs are being combined with other treatments to reduce resistance and attack cancer cells through multiple cellular pathways. Additionally, novel, targeted strategies are currently being investigated to develop innovative methods of overcoming resistance and treatment failure. This article presentsa comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in GU cancers as currently described in the literature. It explores studies that have identified genetic markers, cytokines, and proteins that may predict resistance or response to immunotherapy. Additionally, we review current efforts to overcome this resistance, which include combination ICIs and sequential therapies, novel insights into the host immune profile, and new targeted therapies. Various approaches that combine immunotherapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, vaccines, and radiation have been studied in an effort to more effectively overcome resistance to immunotherapy. While each of these combination therapies has shown some efficacy in clinical trials, a deeper understanding of the immune system’s role underscores the potential of novel targeted therapies as a particularly promising area of current research. Currently, several targeted agents are in development, along with the identification of key immune mediators involved in immunotherapy resistance. Further research is necessary to identify predictors of response.  \nARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS  \n● Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for many cancer types, including genitourinary malignancies such as renal and bladder cancers.However, not all patients or tumor types, such as prostate cancer, respond to this type of treatment.  \n● Understanding the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is critical for developing strategies to overcome these challenges.  \n● Primary resistance, which is present at the onset of treatment, can bedue to genetic abnormalities or immune system dysregulation. These factors alter the interactions between host cells and cancer cells.  \n● Adaptive resistance develops during therapy due to dynamic changes in the levels of growth factors, cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) .  \n● Acquired resistance mainly occurs at the genetic and translational levels, involving the downregulation of critical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and interference with mutational repair.  \n● Future therapies may focus on deta","cbCair0TO4ANArnL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair0TO4ANArnL","pdf",1757164,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Article Highlights\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why do some genitourinary tumors fail to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors?\",\"answer\":\"Not all tumors are responsive because cancer cells can evade the immune response through multiple resistance mechanisms affecting signaling pathways and immune interactions.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main types of resistance discussed for immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers?\",\"answer\":\"The article highlights primary resistance present at treatment onset and adaptive resistance that develops during therapy due to changes in growth factors, cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. It also notes acquired resistance at genetic and translational levels.\"},{\"question\":\"How might future therapies overcome immunotherapy resistance?\",\"answer\":\"Future directions include detailed genetic profiling and immune profile monitoring to predict response, alongside developing novel targeted therapies and continuing work on combination or sequential treatment strategies.\"}]","Understanding and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers - review | PDF",1789989036,38]