[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-380144-105":59,"doc-detail-380144-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","understanding-and-overcoming-immunosuppression-shaped-by-cancer-stem-cells","Understanding and Overcoming Immunosuppression Shaped by Cancer Stem Cells","","The article explains how immunotherapy’s promise is constrained by cancers that do not respond effectively, linking immune failure to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their phenotypic plasticity. It summarizes current understanding of CSC-mediated immune evasion and the intrinsic immune privilege of CSCs together with the extrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment they shape. It also outlines how research can better study and counter CSC-driven resistance to immune checkpoint blockade by detailing CSC properties and immune components within the microenvironment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/understanding-and-overcoming-immunosuppression-shaped-by-cancer-stem-cells/380144/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-and-overcoming-immunosuppression-shaped-by-cancer-stem-cells/380144.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tJames","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why does immunotherapy fail for some cancers?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Some cancers do not respond effectively to immunotherapy because of phenotypic plasticity connected to cancer stem cells and their surrounding microenvironments.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do cancer stem cells contribute to immune evasion?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Cancer stem cells can provide intrinsic immune privilege and help shape an extrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, enabling immune escape.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role does the tumor microenvironment play in CSC survival and treatment resistance?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The tumor microenvironment can influence CSC survival, proliferation, and metastasis, and its immune components can promote or suppress immune responses that affect therapy outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},380144,1790253470,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336474466412,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Understanding and Overcoming Immunosuppression Shaped by Cancer Stem Cells  \nLinheng Li1,2,3 and Roy A. Jensen2,3  \n◥  \nUse of immunotherapy in recent years has revolutionized cancer treatment for certain types of cancers. However, the broad utility of immunotherapy is limited because there are still many types of cancer that do not respond effectively. Failure of a cancer to respond is due, at least in part, to its phenotypic plasticity, a feature that is established by cancer stem cells (CSC)  \nand their associated microenvironments. This article discusses the current understanding of CSC-mediated immune evasion and provides a prospective view on how researchers can better understand and overcome the intrinsic immune privilege of CSCs and the extrinsic immune-suppressive microenvironment shaped by them.  \nIntroduction  \nEver since Richard Nixon declared a “War on Cancer” in 1971 (National Cancer Act of 1971) and Barack Obama and Joe Biden began the Cancer Moonshot initiative in 2016 (Obama-Biden-cancer moonshot), understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for tumorigenesis and cancer development has made impressive advances (1). This improved understanding of cancer biology has paved the way to improved treatments. Conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus targeted (at mutant oncoprotein) therapy can reduce tumor load, but therapeutic refractoriness and cancer relapse remain a major challenge(2,3). The heterogeneous nature ofcancer helps account for therapeutic resistance (1, 2, 4–6). Clinical evidence increasingly supports a correlation between the biological characteristics of cancer stem cells(CSC)and cancer relapse-associated mortality, and the therapy refractory tumor fraction is often enriched with CSCs(Fig.1A;refs.7,8). CSCs are defined as the cell population within a tumor that has abilities of self-renewal and tumor initiation, and more rigorously the ability to survive stress as well as support tumor regrowth after therapy (9–13). CSCs can originate from normal stem cells (9–11, 14); however, CSCs can also be derived from differentiated cells, from transdifferentiation, or even from reprograming to different developmental stages, accounting for the common phenotypic plasticity of tumors (7, 15, 16) . On the other hand, CSCs can contribute to generating phenotypic plasticity by giving rise to many progenies, with different proliferative capacities, lineage impairments, and epigenetic landscapes (Fig. 1B; refs. 7, 17) . In addition, the number of CSCs varies from relatively rare to abundant in different types of cancers and is modulated by therapy, which generally induces CSC expansion (18, 19) . Furthermore, the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) can also play a role in positively or negatively  \n1Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri. 2The Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. 3The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.  \nCorresponding Author: Linheng Li, Stem Cell Program, Stowers Institute for  \nMedical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas, MO 64110 . E-mail: [lil@stowers.org](lil@stowers.org)  \n[Cancer Res 2023](Cancer Res 2023);[83:2096](83:2096)–[104](104)  \ndoi: 10.1158/0008-5472 . CAN-23-0230  \nThis open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4 . 0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4 . 0) license.  \n􀀂2023The Authors;Published by the American Association for Cancer Research  \ninfluencing CSC survival, proliferation, and metastasis (Fig. 1A; refs. 13, 20–25) . Therefore, understanding the properties of CSCs and their cross-talk with the TMEisofgreat significance as researchers seek to improve cancer treatments, especially immune therapy.  \nOver the past decade, the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies has remarkably improved patient outcomes across a range ofcancer types(26,27). ICB therapytarget","cbCaigCXqMD1KYQC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigCXqMD1KYQC","pdf",13375441,"English","# Introduction\n# Immune Components of the Microenvironment\n# Immune Checkpoint Blockade and CSC-Associated Resistance","[{\"question\":\"Why does immunotherapy fail for some cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Some cancers do not respond effectively to immunotherapy because of phenotypic plasticity connected to cancer stem cells and their surrounding microenvironments.\"},{\"question\":\"How do cancer stem cells contribute to immune evasion?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer stem cells can provide intrinsic immune privilege and help shape an extrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, enabling immune escape.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the tumor microenvironment play in CSC survival and treatment resistance?\",\"answer\":\"The tumor microenvironment can influence CSC survival, proliferation, and metastasis, and its immune components can promote or suppress immune responses that affect therapy outcomes.\"}]","Understanding and Overcoming Immunosuppression Shaped by Cancer Stem Cells | PDF",1790238992,23]