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Then we will see how to specify the functional view by explaining in detail the different ways in which actors can use the system. For this goal, we will learn to write textual descriptions as well as to draw complementary UML diagrams (such as sequence or activity diagrams) .  \nElements involved  \n• Actor  \n• Static context diagram  \n• Use case  \n• Use case diagram  \n• Primary actor, secondary actor  \n• Textual description of a use case  \n• Scenario, sequence  \n• System sequence diagram  \n• Activity diagram  \n• Inclusion, extension and generalisation of use cases  \n• Packaging use cases.  \nCase study 1 – Problem statement  \nThis case study concerns a simplified system of the automatic teller machine (ATM). The ATM offers the following services:  \n1. Distribution of money to every holder of a smartcard via a card reader and a cash dispenser.  \n2. Consultation of account balance, cash and cheque deposit facilities for bank customers who hold a smartcard from their bank.  \nDo not forget either that:  \n3. All transactions are made secure.  \n4. It is sometimes necessary to refill the dispenser, etc.  \nFrom these four sentences, we will work through the following activities:  \n• Identify the actors,  \n• Identify the use cases,  \n• Construct a use case diagram,  \n• Write a textual description of the use cases,  \n• Complete the descriptions with dynamic diagrams,  \n• Organise and structure the use cases.  \nWatch out: the preceding problem statement is deliberately incomplete and imprecise, just as it is in real projects!  \nNote also that the problem and its solution are based on French banking systems and the use of smartcards: the system you actually use in your country may be significantly different! It is not very important. What is important is the way of thinking to solve this functional problem as well as the UML concepts and diagrams that we use.  \n1.1 Step 1 – Identifying the actors of the ATM  \nFirst, we will identify the actors ofthe ATM system.  \nAn actor is a construct employed in use cases that define a role that a user or anyother system plays when interacting with the system under consideration. It is a type of entity that interacts, but which is itself external to the subject. Actors may represent human users, external hardware, or other subjects. An actor does not necessarily represent a specific physical entity. For instance, a single physical entity may play the role of several different actors and, conversely, a given actor may be played by multiple physical entities.3  \n** 1.1 Identify the main actors ofthe ATM.  \nAnswer 1.1  \nWhat are the external entities that interact directly with the ATM? Let’s look at each of the sentences ofthe exposition in turn.  \nSentence 1 allows us to identify an obvious initial actor straight away: every“holder of a smartcard”. He or she will be able to use the ATM to withdraw money using his or her smartcard.  \nHowever, be careful: the card reader and cash dispenser constitute part of the ATM. They can therefore not be considered as actors! You can note down that the identification of actors requires the boundary between the system being studied and its environment to be set out exactly. If we restrict the study to the control/ command system of physical elements of the ATM, the card reader and cash dispenser then ","cbCaigVPfCEPuteN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigVPfCEPuteN","pdf",2525758,34,"English","# Aims of the chapter\n# Case study 1 - Problem statement\n## Identify the actors, use cases, and diagrams\n# 1.1 Step 1 - Identifying the actors of the ATM\n## What is an actor in UML\n## External entities interacting with the ATM\n## Traps and logical vs physical actors","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the first case study in this chapter?\",\"answer\":\"It illustrates the main difficulties of implementing use cases step by step, including actor identification, system boundary definition, and building UML models from the problem statement.\"},{\"question\":\"How do you identify actors for the ATM in step 1?\",\"answer\":\"Actors are external entities with a role in use cases. Readers identify who directly benefits from system use and which external systems authorize or interact with the ATM, while setting the boundary between the system and its environment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why should the smartcard and ATM hardware not necessarily be listed as actors?\",\"answer\":\"The text recommends minimizing physical actors in favor of logical actors. Card reader and cash dispenser are part of the ATM, so they are not actors unless the study boundary is restricted; the card itself is external, but the actor should be the card holder who benefits from withdrawing money.\"}]","UML in Practice - The Art of Modeling Software Systems Demonstrated through Worked Examples and Solutions - Chapter 1 - Aims of the chapter | PDF",1792965014,86]