[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-504449-105":59,"doc-detail-504449-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","ultrathin-hydrophobic-photothermal-distillation-membrane-for-enhancing-water-flux-in-seawater-desalination","Ultrathin Hydrophobic Photothermal Distillation Membrane for Enhancing Water Flux in Seawater Desalination","","Ultrathin hydrophobic photothermal distillation membranes are developed to enhance water flux during seawater desalination. The preparation includes forming porous hydrophobic PVDF membranes via superspreading-assisted NIPS and constructing PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposites with fixed hydrophobic SiO2 loading. An additional ultrathin photothermal layer is produced using CNTs to create a PVDF/CNT-PVDF/SiO2 membrane. Photothermal evaporation performance is evaluated through light-to-heat conversion, conversion-efficiency calculations, and dark evaporation enthalpy determination, followed by direct-contact PMD tests measuring water flux and salt rejection under controlled irradiation and flow conditions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ultrathin-hydrophobic-photothermal-distillation-membrane-for-enhancing-water-flux-in-seawater-desalination/504449/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ultrathin-hydrophobic-photothermal-distillation-membrane-for-enhancing-water-flux-in-seawater-desalination/504449.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How are porous hydrophobic PVDF membranes prepared in the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"PVDF powder is ultrasonicated in DMF to form a homogeneous dispersion, then a PVDF solution droplet is deposited into a coagulation bath where superspreading combined with NIPS forms a porous structure after air drying.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the role of SiO2 and how is the PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membrane formed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed in DMF and mixed with PVDF to produce a homogeneous solution, then the superspreading strategy is used to fabricate PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membranes and dry them at room temperature.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are photothermal evaporation performance and photothermal conversion efficiency evaluated?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Conversion efficiency is calculated from the energy balance relating water evaporation rate, water temperature change, vapor latent enthalpy, optical concentration, irradiation power, membrane area, and evaporation time, while thermodynamic vapor enthalpy terms are determined via dark evaporation experiments under controlled temperature and humidity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},504449,1791094647,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":36},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Supporting Information  \nUltrathin Hydrophobic Photothermal Distillation Membrane for Enhancing Water Flux in Seawater Desalination  \nYuxin Zhang 1‡, Cheng Huang 1,2‡, Tingting Yun 1, Haowen Zhang 1, Xiao Chen 1,2,3 *, Ya You 1,2,3 *, and Pengchao Zhang 1,2,3 *  \n1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China  \n2 Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, China  \n3 Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China.  \n‡These authors contributed equally to this work.  \n*Corresponding author: [xchen@whut.edu.cn](xchen@whut.edu.cn), [yyou@whut.edu.cn](yyou@whut.edu.cn),  \n[pczhang@whut.edu.cn](pczhang@whut.edu.cn)  \nExperimental Section  \nMaterials: Sodium chloride (NaCl) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. PVDF was purchased from Solvay. Hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles were purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were purchased from XFNANO Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Deionized water was provided by a laboratory water purifying system. All of the materials were used without further purification.  \nPreparation of Porous Hydrophobic PVDF Membrane: A certain amount of PVDF powder was added to 50 g of DMF for preparing the mixture solution. The mixture was then ultrasonicated for 5 h to obtain a homogeneous dispersion. The PVDF concentration was regulated within the range of 2.9-4.75 wt.% . During membrane formation, a droplet of the PVDF solution was deposited onto the surface of a coagulation bath. The droplet was fully spread and solidified within a few seconds under the effect of superspreading combined with NIPS, forming a porous membrane after air drying.  \nPreparation of PVDF/SiO2 Nanocomposite Membranes: A total of 4.86 g of hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles was mixed within 341.14 g of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed for 1 h to obtain a homogeneous dispersion. Then, 54 g of  \nPVDF powder was added to the above dispersion and stirred at 2000 rpm for 12 h to obtain a homogeneous solution. The concentration of the hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles was fixed at 9 wt.% relative to the PVDF content. Subsequently, PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membranes were prepared using our recently developed superspreading strategy and were dried at room temperature for 12 h.  \nPreparation of Ultrathin PVDF/CNT-PVDF/SiO2 Nanocomposite Membrane: A total of 68 mg of CNTs was dispersed in 96.6 g of DMF by ultrasonication for 60 min to obtain a homogeneous suspension. Subsequently, 3.4 g of PVDF powder was added to the suspension and stirred at 25°C for 5 h until completely dissolved, yielding a homogenous PVDF/CNT solution. The CNTs loading was fixed at 2 wt.% relative to the total weight of PVDF in the PVDF/CNT solution. A droplet of the PVDF/CNT solution was dropped onto the coagulation bath and underwent phase separation, forming uniform PVDF/CNT layer. This layer was then transferred onto the surfaces of the PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite substrate membrane as a PMD membrane, denoted as the PVDF/CNT-PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membrane. Finally, the ultrathin hydrophobic porous PMD membrane was air dried for 4 h.  \nPhotothermal water evaporation performance: Photothermal water evaporation is achieved by exploiting the light-to-heat conversion capability of photothermal materials 1. The photothermal conversion efficiency is typically commonly calculated by the energy used for water evaporation over the exposed irradiation power:  \n􀀃 = 􀀅􀀆􀀇􀀈~~ ~~􀀉􀀎􀀈􀀏􀀓􀀍􀀆􀀇􀀈~~ ~~ (1)  \nwhere 􀀃 is conversion efficiency, 􀀅 􀀆􀀇􀀈 is the water evaporation rate, 􀀉􀀈 is the specific heat capacity of water (4 . 18 kJ∙kg-1 ∙K-1), ∆􀀋 is the water temperature change,∆􀀍􀀆􀀇􀀈 is the vapor latent enthalpy, 􀀎􀀏􀀈􀀐 is the optical concentration, I is the solar irradi","cbCailmgbfSh5QUJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailmgbfSh5QUJ","pdf",1124707,16,"English","# Experimental Section\n## Materials\n## Preparation of Porous Hydrophobic PVDF Membrane\n## Preparation of PVDF/SiO2 Nanocomposite Membranes\n## Preparation of Ultrathin PVDF/CNT-PVDF/SiO2 Nanocomposite Membrane\n# Photothermal Water Evaporation Performance\n# Photothermal Membrane Distillation Performance","[{\"question\":\"How are porous hydrophobic PVDF membranes prepared in the study?\",\"answer\":\"PVDF powder is ultrasonicated in DMF to form a homogeneous dispersion, then a PVDF solution droplet is deposited into a coagulation bath where superspreading combined with NIPS forms a porous structure after air drying.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of SiO2 and how is the PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membrane formed?\",\"answer\":\"Hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed in DMF and mixed with PVDF to produce a homogeneous solution, then the superspreading strategy is used to fabricate PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposite membranes and dry them at room temperature.\"},{\"question\":\"How are photothermal evaporation performance and photothermal conversion efficiency evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Conversion efficiency is calculated from the energy balance relating water evaporation rate, water temperature change, vapor latent enthalpy, optical concentration, irradiation power, membrane area, and evaporation time, while thermodynamic vapor enthalpy terms are determined via dark evaporation experiments under controlled temperature and humidity.\"}]","Ultrathin Hydrophobic Photothermal Distillation Membrane for Enhancing Water Flux in Seawater Desalination | PDF",1791067540]