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This prospective observational study examined 135 university-aged youth (18–24 years) to determine correlations between ultrasound and anthropometric measures, including body size indices and circumferences. Liver length, gallbladder volume, and portal vein diameter showed significant associations with height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous tissue thickness. These findings support physiological links between organ size and anthropometric determinants.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ultrasonographic-measurements-of-the-liver-gallbladder-and-hepatic-vessels-among-university-aged-youth-in-baghdad-iraq/417350/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ultrasonographic-measurements-of-the-liver-gallbladder-and-hepatic-vessels-among-university-aged-youth-in-baghdad-iraq/417350.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the correlation between ultrasound measurements of the liver, gallbladder, and hepatic vessels and anthropometric measures in university-aged youth.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which ultrasound parameters were measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Liver length and thickness; gallbladder length, width, thickness, volume, and wall thickness; portal and hepatic vein diameters; and subcutaneous tissue thickness.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key correlations were reported in the results?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Liver length correlated positively with height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Gallbladder volume correlated positively with portal vein diameter, and gallbladder volume and liver size were associated with subcutaneous tissue thickness and portal vein diameter. Central obesity showed higher liver length, liver thickness, and portal vein diameter.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},417350,1790770601,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| Original Article |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\nUltrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Hepatic Vessels among University‑aged Youth in Baghdad, Iraq  \nAbdul Sattar Arif Khammas*, Safwan Saeed Mohammed  \nDepartment of Radiological Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Ultrasound measurements of the liver, gallbladder, and hepatic vessels are important for clinicians as these measurements can be affected anatomically, physiologically, and pathologically. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between ultrasound measurements and anthropometric measures. Methods: A prospective observational design was carried in this study. A total of 135 university‑aged youth with ages ranging between 18 and 24 years were examined sonographically. Ultrasound measurements include liver length and thickness, gallbladder length, width, thickness, volume and wall thickness, portal and hepatic veins’ diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thickness. Results: A significant and positive correlation was observed between liver length with height (P \u003C 0.001), weight (P = 0.006), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.025), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.048), and waist‑to‑hip circumference ratio (WHR) (P = 0.004) . A significant and positive correlation was found between gallbladder volume and portal vein diameter with height (P = 0.034, P \u003C 0.001), weight (P = 0.028, P = 0.032), and BMI (P = 0.047, P = 0.041), respectively. Furthermore, liver length and liver thickness were positively and significantly related with gallbladder volume (P = 0.038, P = 0.047), portal vein diameter (P = 0.029, P = 0.040), and subcutaneous tissue thickness (P = 0.017, P = 0.049), respectively. Gallbladder length and volume were negatively and significantly correlated with gallbladder wall thickness (P = 0.037, P = 0.041, respectively) . A significant increase in the liver length, liver thickness, and portal vein diameter was observed in favor of the central obesity group. Conclusion: Ultrasound measurements confirmed a physiological correlation between liver size with gallbladder volume, portal vein diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thickness. Anthropometric measurements, particularly BMI, are considered determinants for increasing the liver size, gallbladder volume, and portal vein.  \nKeywords: Gallbladder, hepatic vessels, Iraq, liver, ultrasonography  \nIntroductIon  \nThe liver is the largest organ in the human body, contributing in many substantial biological functions such as detoxication, metabolism, regulation of the blood volume, homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrates, bile production and excretion, triglycerides, cholesterol, and bilirubin excretion. [1] Due to its essential function in the human body, it is important to assess liver size as precisely as possible during the basic physical examination or during medical imaging such as ultrasonography. [2] Assessment of the liver size is reflection of its function. Focal or diffuse changes in the liver parenchyma may lead to change in its size . [3] Ultrasonography is widely used for evaluation the liver size due to high accuracy, safety, noninvasive, availability, portability, and lower cost as compared to other medical imaging  \nReceived: 20‑08‑2024 Revised: 21‑09‑2024 Accepted: 24‑10‑2024 Available Online: 19‑02‑2025  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website:\u003Cbr>[https://journals.lww.com/jmut](https://journals.lww.com/jmut) |\n|  | DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/jmu.jmu_ 109_24 |\n\nsuch as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. [4] Ultrasonography provides precise information about its dimensions such as length (craniocaudal), thickness (anteroposterior [AP]), and width (laterolateral) diameter.[5] Previous literature showed that liver size is also depended on race, gender, and body mass index (BMI) .[6,7] Numerous studies showed that liver size can be affected by many f","cbCaii0etcbb9Kz8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii0etcbb9Kz8","pdf",1138699,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Keywords\n# Received/Revised/Accepted/Available Online\n# Correspondence and Licensing","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the correlation between ultrasound measurements of the liver, gallbladder, and hepatic vessels and anthropometric measures in university-aged youth.\"},{\"question\":\"Which ultrasound parameters were measured?\",\"answer\":\"Liver length and thickness; gallbladder length, width, thickness, volume, and wall thickness; portal and hepatic vein diameters; and subcutaneous tissue thickness.\"},{\"question\":\"What key correlations were reported in the results?\",\"answer\":\"Liver length correlated positively with height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Gallbladder volume correlated positively with portal vein diameter, and gallbladder volume and liver size were associated with subcutaneous tissue thickness and portal vein diameter. Central obesity showed higher liver length, liver thickness, and portal vein diameter.\"}]","Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Hepatic Vessels among University-aged Youth in Baghdad, Iraq | PDF",1790608931,25]