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Asymmetry increases sensitivity by about 81% versus a symmetric resonator, with blood cancer cells showing strong improvement. Performance is numerically analyzed via FDTD using PML.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ultra-high-sensitive-plasmonic-sensor-based-on-asymmetric-hexagonal-nano-ring-resonator-for-cancer-detection/333617/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ultra-high-sensitive-plasmonic-sensor-based-on-asymmetric-hexagonal-nano-ring-resonator-for-cancer-detection/333617.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Noah","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What sensing mechanism does the proposed structure rely on?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It uses an electromagnetic field that generates concentrated plasmons on the metal surface. These surface plasmons respond strongly to refractive-index variations of the sample.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is the sensor’s sensitivity optimized?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Sensitivity is optimized by controlling the angle of the resonator. The asymmetry of the resonator also improves sensitivity compared with a symmetric design.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What computational method is used to investigate sensing performance?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The sensing performance is numerically investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with perfectly matched layer (PML).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},333617,1790128201,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Heliyon 10 (2024) e34439  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Research article\u003Cbr>Ultra-high-sensitive plasmonic sensor based on asymmetric hexagonal nano-ring resonator for cancer detection\u003Cbr>*\u003Cbr>Sara Gholinezhad Shafagh , Hassan Kaatuzian\u003Cbr>Photonics Research Lab. (PRL), Electrical Engineering Dept, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Sensitive sensor\u003Cbr>Surface plasmon polaritons Asymmetric nano-ring resonator Cancer cells\u003Cbr>Finite difference time domain method Sensitivity |  | A highly sensitive sensor based on two metal-insulator-metal waveguides coupled to an asymmetric hexagonal nano-ring resonator detecting cancerous cells is proposed. This novel design is utilized to facilitate the sensing of human cells. The sensing mechanism of the presented optical structure can act as a refractive index measurement in biological, chemical, biomedical diagnosis, and bacteria detection, which leads to achieving high sensitivity in the structure. The main goal is to achieve the highest sensitivity concerning the optimum design. As a result, the sensitivity of the designed topology reaches a maximum value of about 1800 nm/RIU (nm/refractive index unit) by controlling the angle of the resonator. It is evident that the sensitivity parameter is improved, and the reason for the increase in sensitivity is due to the asymmetry of the resonator, which hasan 81 % increase in sensitivity compared to the symmetrical resonator, especially for blood cancer cells. The maximum quality factor obtains 131.65 with a FOM of 90.4 (RIU − 1). The sensing performance of this proposed structure is numerically investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with the perfectly matched layer (PML). Accordingly, the suggested high sensitivity sensor makes this structure a promising therapeutic candidate for sensing applications that can be used in on-chip optical devices to produce highly complex integrated circuits. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nOver the past few years, with the rapid development of optical technology and the rapidly increasing demand for integrated nanooptics devices, light field manipulation is urgently required. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic excitations propagating along the interface between a metal layer and an insulator. Photonic devices based on SPPs can manipulate and confine light on the subwavelength scale [1]. SPP devices are good candidates for the realization of complex integrated optical circuits such as plasmonic filters [2–6], switches [7,8], modulators [9], couplers [10,11], multiplexers [12,13], demultiplexers [14–16], detectors [17, 18], splitters [19], nanolasers [20], amplifiers [21,22], power divider structures [3], solar cells [23], metamaterials [24,25], metasurface structures [26], logical gates [27,28], diodes [29], color filters [30], light scattering [31,32], and slow light devices [33–35]. Furthermore, some novel structures based on hybrid plasmonic photonic crystals have been proposed [36,37].  \nIn recent years, researchers have suggested the optical sensor as a particular type of plasmonic structure due to its outstanding properties for direct sensing processes. SPPs are used in optical devices, specially applications of sensors related to cancer detection. Such optical diagnosis can be implemented in refractive index sensors [38–42]. Applications of such sensors span many fields of biological, chemical, biomedical diagnosis, and bacteria detection, which have been intensively surveyed recently [43,44]. The  \n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail address: [hsnkato@aut.ac.ir](hsnkato@aut.ac.ir) (H. Kaatuzian).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34439](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34439)  \nReceived 27 April 2024; Received in revised fo","cbCaiaolJ5YGhSla","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaolJ5YGhSla","pdf",3893396,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Surface plasmon polaritons and integrated nanooptics devices\n## Optical sensors for cancer detection\n## Proposed sensor topology and performance goals","[{\"question\":\"What sensing mechanism does the proposed structure rely on?\",\"answer\":\"It uses an electromagnetic field that generates concentrated plasmons on the metal surface. These surface plasmons respond strongly to refractive-index variations of the sample.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the sensor’s sensitivity optimized?\",\"answer\":\"Sensitivity is optimized by controlling the angle of the resonator. The asymmetry of the resonator also improves sensitivity compared with a symmetric design.\"},{\"question\":\"What computational method is used to investigate sensing performance?\",\"answer\":\"The sensing performance is numerically investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with perfectly matched layer (PML).\"}]","Ultra-high-sensitive plasmonic sensor based on asymmetric hexagonal nano-ring resonator for cancer detection | PDF",1790003257,33]