[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-620865-105":59,"doc-detail-620865-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","types-of-validity-evidence-when-do-we-validate-content-evidence","Types of Validity Evidence - When Do We Validate? - Content evidence","","Validity in assessment is framed as a shared responsibility between test developers and test users, emphasizing clear intended uses and the collection and documentation of evidence supporting those claims. The text explains differences between English awarding bodies, curriculum determination by QCDA, and exam subject criteria set by Ofqual, including how test specifications may prescribe assessment methods and weightings. It outlines when validation should occur, ideally before live testing, and discusses practical alternatives using operational data, followed by a key structure for content evidence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/types-of-validity-evidence-when-do-we-validate-content-evidence/620865/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/types-of-validity-evidence-when-do-we-validate-content-evidence/620865.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Who is responsible for supporting the intended use of a test with evidence?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Test developers should document evidence supporting the claimed uses, but responsibility for a specific use ultimately rests with the test user.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do QCDA and Ofqual relate to curriculum and exam criteria?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"QCDA determines the curriculum via the qualifications framework, while Ofqual sets the subject criteria used for exams and may specify assessment methods and their weightings in test specifications.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"When should validation ideally be completed, and why?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Validation should occur during development and be completed before live testing to avoid administering potentially invalid tests and because changes during the lifespan of a test specification are limited.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},620865,1792464700,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":46},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","the Standards is not legally binding. The Standards is very clear that test developers should be specific about what their tests are, and are not, intended to be used for, and that they are responsible for collecting and documenting evidence to support the uses they claim. The responsibility for any specific use of a test, however, rests with the test user.  \nThe position of English awarding bodies differs insofar as the curriculum is determined by the Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency (QCDA)1 whilst the subject criteria on which the exams are based are determined by the regulator, Ofqual. Ofqual is also heavily involved in the development of test specifications, for example, it may stipulate the methods of assessment used and their approximate weightings in the final test score. There is also an issue regarding what general qualifications, such as GCSE and GCE, are for. At the simplest level, they are to assess candidates’ achievement at the end of a course of learning that is based on the National Curriculum. If we limit the intended use solely to this, then QCDA is responsible for making sure that the curriculum for History, for example, is appropriate for the subject. Ofqual is responsible for ensuring that the subject criteria reflect the curriculum appropriately. Finally, the awarding body—and Ofqual, to the extent that it prescribes certain details of the test specification—is then charged with assuring that the examination is a valid measure of attainment on the curriculum against the subject criteria. There are purposes to which examination grades are routinely put for which the awarding body could not reasonably hope, or be expected, to validate examinations. These include the use of examination grades for selecting candidates for any given education course, or employment, and the use of examination data for measuring the value added to individuals by schools and colleges at various stages of schooling.  \nThere are few explicit references to validity in the current Ofqual Code of Practice and the relevant AQA procedure guidance files. In compliance with the Code of Practice, AQA has procedures and practices in place that address matters of validity – examples of which are included in the appendix to this chapter – but no concerted process for routinely providing the range of validity evidence required by the Standards and which is described below. Such a process is desirable and, with appropriate procedures in place, the collection, documentation, and auditing of validity evidence need not be unduly burdensome. The output of this process would inform the development, or redevelopment, of the test specification, depending on when, during the lifespan of the test specification, the auditing is conducted.  \nWHEN DO WE VALIDATE?  \nThe nature of general qualifications is that a test specification is written, which includes specimen examination papers, with multiple versions of the test administered over the lifespan of the test specification, which is currently approximately eight years. Ideally, validation should occur during development and be completed prior to live testing, because it would be unfair toadminister potentially invalid tests and because there is very little that can be changed during the lifespan of a test specification if one were to discover something wrong with it. Some forms of evidence, such as correlations between examination scores and external variables (which may include measures of criteria that the test is expected to predict, or scores on other tests hypothesised to measure the same, related, or indeed different, constructs), are not easily collected in advance of live testing without extensive piloting of the qualifications. Ordinarily, qualifications are only piloted if they are a new type of qualification, such as the Extended Project (Pinot De Moira, 2007a, 2007b), or at least a significantly new form of an existing one, such as GCE Business Studies prior to the introductio","cbCaik6SIzmdTznZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik6SIzmdTznZ","pdf",1069568,"English","# WHEN DO WE VALIDATE?\n# TYPES OF VALIDITY EVIDENCE\n## Content evidence","[{\"question\":\"Who is responsible for supporting the intended use of a test with evidence?\",\"answer\":\"Test developers should document evidence supporting the claimed uses, but responsibility for a specific use ultimately rests with the test user.\"},{\"question\":\"How do QCDA and Ofqual relate to curriculum and exam criteria?\",\"answer\":\"QCDA determines the curriculum via the qualifications framework, while Ofqual sets the subject criteria used for exams and may specify assessment methods and their weightings in test specifications.\"},{\"question\":\"When should validation ideally be completed, and why?\",\"answer\":\"Validation should occur during development and be completed before live testing to avoid administering potentially invalid tests and because changes during the lifespan of a test specification are limited.\"}]","Types of Validity Evidence - When Do We Validate? - Content evidence | PDF"]