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Data were drawn from patients born and registered in 2016–2018 at the Erasmus Medical Center cleft team. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression identified key determinants: father born outside the Netherlands, a cleft lip alveolus and palate phenotype, and lower parental educational level, informing early prediction and preventive recall planning.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/type-of-cleft-and-socioeconomic-determinants-for-increased-caries-risk-among-young-patients-with-cleft-lip-andor-palate/409011/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/type-of-cleft-and-socioeconomic-determinants-for-increased-caries-risk-among-young-patients-with-cleft-lip-andor-palate/409011.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which patient and socioeconomic factors were analyzed for caries risk in children with CL/P?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examined cleft type, ethnicity, adoption status, spoken language at home, and parental educational level to predict caries risk in the primary dentition.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What were the main determinants of increased caries risk found in the regression analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Most important determinants were father born outside the Netherlands (OR=4.87), a cleft lip alveolus and palate phenotype (OR=3.54), and lower parental educational level (OR=2.30).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can these findings be used in clinical decision-making?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Dental care professionals can use the three determinants as a first prediction to guide recall intervals, referral to specialized dental care, and the extent of caries prevention strategies for young CL/P patients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},409011,1790672028,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Original article  \nType of Cleft and Socioeconomic Determinants for Increased Caries Risk Among Young Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate  \nL.S. van der Knaap-Kind, MSc, DDS 1  ,  \nE. B. Wolvius, MSc, DDS, MD, PhD 1, and L. Kragt, MSc, PhD 1  \nThe Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal 2026, Vol. 63(2) 273‐278  \n© 2024, American Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/10556656241299194](DOI: 10.1177/10556656241299194)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/10556656241299194)[journals.sagepub.com/home/cpc](journals.sagepub.com/home/cpc)  \nAbstract  \nObjective:: This study aimed to identify the predictive role of cleft type, ethnicity, adoption status, spoken language at home and parental education level on the caries risk in the primary dentition of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This knowledge is used to make an estimate on increased caries risk in young patients with CL/P.  \nDesign:: A retrospective analysis of data concerning dental caries and basic characteristics of patients with CL/P was done. Patients were born and registered in 2016, 2017, or 2018 at the cleft team of the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.  \nResults:: After Chi-square tests, the cleft type (P = .02), country of birth father (P \u003C .001), country of birth mother (P = .002), parental educational level (P = .006), and spoken language at home (P = .002) were significantly different between 144 patients with CL/P with and without caries. Items were used in binary logistic regressions and after stepwise backward elimination resulting in most important determinants for caries in the primary dentition in patients with CL/P being: father born in another country than the Netherlands (odds ratio [OR] = 4.87, P = .001), a cleft lip alveolus and palate phenotype (OR = 3.54, P = .002), and a lower parental educational level (OR = 2.30, P = .04).  \nConclusion:: The recommendation for the dental care professional will be to use these 3 determinants as a first prediction on future dental caries. This helps the dental professional in clinical decisions as recall intervals, referral to specialized dental care and extensiveness of caries prevention strategies and thereby improves oral health of patients born with CL/P.  \nKeywords  \ndental caries, risk assessment, cleft lip and/or palate  \nIntroduction  \nDental caries is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease among children, with a prevalence up to 90% worldwide.1 While dental caries occurs frequently among the general population, there are suggestions that children with congenital craniofacial deformities are more often affected.2 Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common congenital craniofacial deformity,3 but the determinants for dental caries among this patient group are still unclear.  \nWorth et al4 showed that all studies in nonfluoridated areas reported that individuals with CL/P have a greater caries experience than noncleft controls. Although the majority of studies have concluded that individuals with CL/P exhibit a higher caries prevalence compared to those without CL/P, a substantial body of conflicting evidence still exists.4 Possible factors that led to inconclusive results are neglecting the type ofcleft or neglecting orthodontic appliances. Several factors may contribute to a higher caries susceptibility in patients  \nwith CL/P, such as impaired oral hygiene as a result of a reluctance to brush around the cleft area, poorly aligned maxillary dentition and limited access following surgical repair of the upper lip and possible scarring.5 Other caries risk factors are enamel hypoplasia,6 frequent intake of comfort food like sweets or sugar-containing beverages and early colonization of caries-associated microorganisms.7,8 Furthermore, the prolonged oral clearance time in children with CL/P may also contribute to a cariogenic environment.9  \n1 Department of ","cbCaignMShUiRSEG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaignMShUiRSEG","pdf",277938,"English","# Abstract\n## Objective\n## Design\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Material and Methods\n## Data and ethics\n## Study group","[{\"question\":\"Which patient and socioeconomic factors were analyzed for caries risk in children with CL/P?\",\"answer\":\"The study examined cleft type, ethnicity, adoption status, spoken language at home, and parental educational level to predict caries risk in the primary dentition.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main determinants of increased caries risk found in the regression analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Most important determinants were father born outside the Netherlands (OR=4.87), a cleft lip alveolus and palate phenotype (OR=3.54), and lower parental educational level (OR=2.30).\"},{\"question\":\"How can these findings be used in clinical decision-making?\",\"answer\":\"Dental care professionals can use the three determinants as a first prediction to guide recall intervals, referral to specialized dental care, and the extent of caries prevention strategies for young CL/P patients.\"}]","Type of Cleft and Socioeconomic Determinants for Increased Caries Risk Among Young Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate | PDF",1790581123,15]