[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-156456-105":59,"doc-detail-156456-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","two-photon-microscopy-reveals-stationary-podocytes-in-living-zebrafish-larvae","Two-Photon Microscopy Reveals Stationary Podocytes in Living Zebrafish Larvae","","Podocytes form the core of the glomerular filtration barrier and display complex, actin-based cytoskeletal architecture in vivo, while their true motility status in living organisms remains debated. Extended intravital two-photon microscopy was used to observe translucent casper zebrafish larvae expressing eGFP specifically in podocytes. Time-lapse imaging from 5–7 days post fertilization shows podocyte cell bodies and major process branching patterns remain unchanged for up to 23 hours, indicating stationary behavior. The study supports podocytes as stationary cells in the intact glomerulus.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/two-photon-microscopy-reveals-stationary-podocytes-in-living-zebrafish-larvae/156456/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/two-photon-microscopy-reveals-stationary-podocytes-in-living-zebrafish-larvae/156456.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-08-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is podocyte motility in vivo important?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Podocytes maintain the filtration barrier through coordinated structure of their actin-based foot processes. Determining whether they migrate or remain stationary clarifies how the actin cytoskeleton supports filtration slit formation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were podocytes visualized in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Translucent casper zebrafish larvae expressing eGFP specifically in podocytes (wt1a:eGFP) were imaged with intravital two-photon microscopy over extended periods.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the time-lapse imaging show about podocyte behavior?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"From 5–7 days post fertilization, podocyte cell bodies and the branching pattern of major processes did not migrate or change over up to 23 hours.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},156456,1787959301,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","BRIEF COMMUNICATION  \n[www.jasn.org](www.jasn.org)  \nTwo-Photon Microscopy Reveals Stationary Podocytesin Living Zebrafish Larvae  \nNicole Endlich,* Ole Simon,* Achim Göpferich,† Henny Wegner,* Marcus J. Moeller,‡ Elisabeth Rumpel,* Ahmed M. Kotb,* and Karlhans Endlich*  \n*Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; †Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and ‡Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany  \nABSTRACT  \nPodocytes are an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier and cover the outer aspect of glomerular capillaries. They form a complex actin-based cytoskeleton in vivo and show prominent motility in vitro, but whether podocytes are stationary or mobile in vivo is debated. To address this question, the pronephros of translucent zebrafish larvae (casper) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) specifically in podocytes (wt1a:eGFP larvae) was observed by intravital two-photon microscopy over extended periods of time. Podocyte cell bodies and the interdigitating branching pattern of major processes could be resolved with a resolution of approximately 1 mm in the xy-plane. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish larvae at 5–7 days after fertilization demonstrated that podocytes neither migrated nor changed the branching pattern of their major processes over a time period of up to 23 hours. In summary, we show by extended intravital two-photon microscopy that podocytes are stationary cells in the intact glomerulus of a translucent zebrafish with fluorescently-labeled podocytes.  \nJ Am Soc Nephrol 25: 681–686, 2014 . doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013020178  \nPodocytes cover the outer aspect of the glomerular capillaries forming actinbased interdigitating foot processes (FPs) with neighboring podocytes in a zipperlike manner. 1 This unique three-dimensional organization of FPs is required for proper filtration of the blood and an intact filtration barrier. Ultrastructural changes of this sophisticated morphology of FPs, such as effacement or retraction of FPs, lead to severe glomerular diseases, often resulting in ESRD. Previous studies showed that FPs express actin and actin-associated proteins, such as cortactin, formin, cofilin, and RhoGTPases that are involved in the nucleation, polymerization, and depolymerization of actin filaments.2–6 It is still not completely understood why  \npodocytes possess such a prominent actin cytoskeleton. For many years, researchers have debated, mainly stimulated by in vitro findings,7–11 whether podocytes in vivo are actively moving cells or rather stationary. Recent observations in mice suggest that podocytes may migrate several micrometers within minutes. 12 This would imply that there is a coordinated migration of neighboring podocytesto guarantee a continuously formed filtration slit. Resolving this question is important to understand the role and the influence of the actin-cytoskeleton for the function of podocytes in vivo.  \nFor this purpose, podocytes need to be visualized in living animals with high resolution. In the past, two groups observed  \nkidney tissue in living mice by the use of multiphoton microscopy.12–14 However, because podocytes were only negatively stained (by dye exclusion), primary and secondary processes of podocytes have not been visualized with sufficient resolution. More recently, Khouri et al. have used transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a podocyte-specific fashion to resolve podocytes by multiphoton microscopy in more detail.15 By using transgenic mice that expressed GFP only in a fraction of podocytes, Grgic etal. have even succeeded in visualizing the structural details down to the FPs by standard laser-scanning confocal microscopy.16 Likewise, Höhne et al. could visualize FPs by two-color labeling of podocytes in transgenic mice.17 However, in the latter studies","cbCaid57f3ueB9JG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid57f3ueB9JG","pdf",1415762,"English","# Background\n## Podocyte motility in vivo vs in vitro\n# Methods\n## Intravital two-photon microscopy in transgenic zebrafish\n## Imaging time points and resolution\n# Results\n## Podocyte morphology and eGFP labeling\n## Time-lapse dynamics of cell bodies and processes\n# Conclusion\n## Podocytes are stationary in intact zebrafish glomeruli","[{\"question\":\"Why is podocyte motility in vivo important?\",\"answer\":\"Podocytes maintain the filtration barrier through coordinated structure of their actin-based foot processes. Determining whether they migrate or remain stationary clarifies how the actin cytoskeleton supports filtration slit formation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were podocytes visualized in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Translucent casper zebrafish larvae expressing eGFP specifically in podocytes (wt1a:eGFP) were imaged with intravital two-photon microscopy over extended periods.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the time-lapse imaging show about podocyte behavior?\",\"answer\":\"From 5–7 days post fertilization, podocyte cell bodies and the branching pattern of major processes did not migrate or change over up to 23 hours.\"}]","Two-Photon Microscopy Reveals Stationary Podocytes in Living Zebrafish Larvae | PDF",15]