[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-217262-en":3,"doc-seo-217262-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":11,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":26,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},217262,3985741905716,"Kyle","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",7,"Healthcare","Twenty-four Hour Ambulatory Electrocardiography (Holter Monitoring) in Normal Unsedated Cats","Standard electrocardiography during clinical examination detects only a limited range of arrhythmias. This study used 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) to define reference parameters, including heart-rate variations, and to characterize the types and incidence of arrhythmias in clinically normal adult cats. Twenty healthy adult cats were monitored with a 3-lead modified bipolar transthoracic system, continuous recording during daily activities, and microprocessor-based analysis of rhythms and variability.","Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Sistema de Información Científica  \nLie Yamaki, Fernanda; Soares, Elaine Cristina; Gonçalves Pereira, Guilherme; Jun Yamato, Ronaldo; Gallatti, Luciana; Sandoli de Brito, Fabio; Leomil Neto, Moacir; Matiko Akao Larsson, Maria Helena Twenty-four Hour Ambulatory Electrocardiography (Holter Monitoring) in Normal Unsedated Cats Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, vol. 42, núm. 1, enero, 2014 , pp. 1-6 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  \nPorto Alegre, Brasil  \nAvailable in: [http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=289029240018](http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=289029240018)  \nActa Scientiae Veterinariae,  \nISSN (Printed Version): 1678-0345 [ActaSciVet@ufrgs.br](ActaSciVet@ufrgs.br)  \nUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil  \nHow to cite  \n Complete issue  \n More information about this article  \n Journal's homepage  \n\n| [www.redalyc.org](www.redalyc.org) |\n| --- |\n| Non-Profit Academic Project, developed under the Open Acces Initiative |\n\nActa ScientiaeVeterinariae, 2014. 42: 1196.  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 1679-9216  \nPub. 1196  \nTwenty-four Hour Ambulatory Electrocardiography (Holter Monitoring)  \nin Normal Unsedated Cats  \nFernanda Lie Yamaki1, Elaine Cristina Soares1, Guilherme Gonçalves Pereira1, Ronaldo Jun Yamato1, Luciana Gallatti1, Fabio Sandoli de Brito2, Moacir Leomil Neto1 & Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson1  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Standard electrocardiogram (ECG) performed during a clinical examination has a limited ability to detect many arrhythmias. Holter or 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) is the most sensitive non-invasive test for demonstrating transient arrhythmias, that allows continuous recording of cardiac electrical activity while the patient is engaged in normal daily activities. This study was undertaken to define 24-h AECG parameters, including variations in heart rate, and the types and incidence of arrhythmias in clinically normal adult cats to provide a baseline for comparison for cats suspected of having cardiac diseases.  \nMaterials, Methods & Results: Twenty clinically normal adult cats, with an equal number of males and females, weighting from 2.8 to 7.6 kg (mean 4.10 ± 1.22), were used. All animals had no historical or clinical evidence of systemic diseases, with unremarkable physical examination, and with no alterations on either thoracic radiography, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic evaluations, as well as on clinical pathology or blood pressure measurement. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording was performed for 24-h, with a 3-lead, modified bipolar, transthoracic system. The owner was requested to keep a diary to record the time of exercising, feeding, and other behaviours. The records were analysed using a microprocessor. In the current study, regular sinus rhythm was predominant, there was no evidence of atrioventricular conduction block, or ST segment alterations and the minimum heart rate was 102 ± 23 bpm, while the maximum heart rate was 242 ± 17 bpm and the mean heart rate was 151 ± 26 bpm.  \nDiscussion: The main disadvantage of routine clinical ECG is that it records only a short period of heart rhythm. Continuous 24-hAECG monitoring is an obvious way of circumventing this problem. The normal heart rhythm in felines is usually regular, varying from sinus rhythm to sinus tachycardia. Sinus arrhythmia is considered uncommon or abnormal, and when present, it is usually associated with respiratory disorders. Nonetheless, sinus arrhythmia occasionally occurs in cats when they are relatively relaxed. Consistently, it was noted that 95%(19/20) of the cats presented an apparent respiratory sinus arrhythmia with alternating periods of heart rate increase and decrease. Sinus arrhythmia has been previously observed in normal cats when they were calm and quiet in their home environment with either telemetry or Holter monitoring. In cats, sinus arrhythmia is commonly associated with bradycar","cbCairIHbXIUqNXe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairIHbXIUqNXe","pdf",390760,1,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Background\n## Materials, Methods & Results\n## Discussion\n## Keywords","[{\"question\":\"Why is 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography used instead of a standard ECG?\",\"answer\":\"A standard ECG records only a short period of heart rhythm, limiting detection of transient arrhythmias. Continuous 24-h AECG recording provides a more sensitive, non-invasive assessment during normal daily activities.\"},{\"question\":\"What animals and monitoring method were used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 20 clinically normal adult cats of both sexes. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording was performed for 24-h using a 3-lead, modified bipolar, transthoracic system, with records analyzed using a microprocessor.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about rhythm and heart rate?\",\"answer\":\"Regular sinus rhythm predominated, with no evidence of atrioventricular conduction block or ST-segment alterations. The minimum heart rate was 102 ± 23 bpm, the maximum 242 ± 17 bpm, and the mean 151 ± 26 bpm, with frequent apparent respiratory sinus arrhythmia.\"}]","Twenty-four Hour Ambulatory Electrocardiography (Holter Monitoring) in Normal Unsedated Cats | PDF",1788831783,18,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":23,"language":22,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":91,"head_meta":93,"extra_data":95,"updated_unix":27},"twenty-four-hour-ambulatory-electrocardiography-holter-monitoring-in-normal-unsedated-cats","",{"@graph":35,"@context":90},[36,53,73],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/twenty-four-hour-ambulatory-electrocardiography-holter-monitoring-in-normal-unsedated-cats/217262/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"image":55,"author":60,"headline":13,"publisher":62,"fileFormat":65,"inLanguage":22,"description":14,"dateModified":66,"datePublished":67,"encodingFormat":65,"isAccessibleForFree":68,"interactionStatistic":69},"DigitalDocument",{"url":56,"@type":57,"width":58,"height":59},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/twenty-four-hour-ambulatory-electrocardiography-holter-monitoring-in-normal-unsedated-cats/217262.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":9,"@type":61},"Person",{"url":40,"name":63,"@type":64},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":70,"interactionType":71,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":72},"ViewAction",{"@type":74,"mainEntity":75},"FAQPage",[76,82,86],{"name":77,"@type":78,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why is 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography used instead of a standard ECG?","Question",{"text":80,"@type":81},"A standard ECG records only a short period of heart rhythm, limiting detection of transient arrhythmias. Continuous 24-h AECG recording provides a more sensitive, non-invasive assessment during normal daily activities.","Answer",{"name":83,"@type":78,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What animals and monitoring method were used in the study?",{"text":85,"@type":81},"The study included 20 clinically normal adult cats of both sexes. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording was performed for 24-h using a 3-lead, modified bipolar, transthoracic system, with records analyzed using a microprocessor.",{"name":87,"@type":78,"acceptedAnswer":88},"What were the main findings about rhythm and heart rate?",{"text":89,"@type":81},"Regular sinus rhythm predominated, with no evidence of atrioventricular conduction block or ST-segment alterations. The minimum heart rate was 102 ± 23 bpm, the maximum 242 ± 17 bpm, and the mean 151 ± 26 bpm, with frequent apparent respiratory sinus arrhythmia.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":92,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":63,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":94,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":23},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":97},[98,102,106,110,115,120,123,128,133,136,140],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},40,"healthcare",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":129,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":132},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":135},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":137,"slug":139},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":141,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":142,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":143},19,"General","general"]