[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-665452-105":59,"doc-detail-665452-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","turning-moment-diagrams-and-flywheel","Turning Moment Diagrams and Flywheel","","Explains flywheels as mechanical devices for storing rotational kinetic energy and outlines key applications across power systems, vehicles, transit, and satellites. Describes common construction materials and compares high-velocity versus low-velocity flywheels by speed range, maintenance needs, bearing type, weight, and cost. Introduces turning moment diagrams (crank effort diagrams), their graphical axes meaning, and interprets areas as work per revolution. Derives turning moment behavior for single-cylinder double-acting steam engines and discusses accelerating versus retarding torques, then extends to four-stroke internal combustion engines by characterizing positive and negative loops across the cycle.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/turning-moment-diagrams-and-flywheel/665452/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/turning-moment-diagrams-and-flywheel/665452.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of a flywheel in mechanical systems?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A flywheel is designed to efficiently store rotational energy as kinetic energy, helping manage torque and energy variations during operation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do high-velocity and low-velocity flywheels differ?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"High-velocity flywheels operate roughly between 30,000 and 60,000 rpm (up to about 100,000 rpm) and use magnetic levitation bearings with lower maintenance, while low-velocity flywheels reach up to about 10,000 rpm and are heavier, require periodic maintenance, and need special concrete support.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the turning moment diagram represent and how is work obtained from it?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The turning moment diagram graphically represents turning moment versus crank angle, with turning moment on the ordinate and crank angle on the abscissa. The area under the diagram over a revolution represents the work done per revolution, including work against mean resisting torque.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},665452,1793304262,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":31},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Turning Moment Diagrams and Flywheel  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. The definition of flywheel  \nA flywheel is a mechanical device specifically designed to efficiently store rotational energy (kinetic energy) .  \n1.2. Applications of Flywheels  \na) in wind turbines  \nb) along with motor driven generator to store energy  \nc) in automobile engines  \nd) in electric cars to boost speed (in experimental stage)  \ne) In advanced locomotive propulsion systems  \nf) In advanced technology transit buses  \ng) In satellites to control direction  \nh) In Big electricity grids for protection against interruptions.  \nApplications of Flywheels  \n1.3. Flywheel material  \nFlywheels are typically made of: 1-steel  \n2-carbon fiber composites.  \n1.4. Type of Flywheels  \nThere are mainly two type of Flywheels available in the market. They are:  \na) High Velocity Flywheel  \nThe angular velocity of these type of Flywheels comes between 30000 rpm to 60000 rpm which may even be adjusted upto 1,00,000 rpm. They contain magnetic levitation bearings and need less maintenance. They are lighter in weight if compared size/capacity wise to low velocity flywheels. They are costly in comparison to Low velocity Flywheels.  \nb) Low Velocity Flywheel  \nThe angular velocity of these type of Flywheels comes up to 10000 rpm. They are bulky and heavy if compared to high velocity Fly wheels. They need periodic maintenance and does not use magnetic levitation bearings. Their installation needs special concrete construction to support its weight. They are cheaper in comparison to high velocity Fly wheels.  \nType of Flywheels  \n2. Turning Moment Diagrams and Flywheel  \nThe turning moment diagram (also known as crank effort diagram) is the graphical representation of the turning moment or crank-effort for various positions of the crank. It is plotted on cartesian co-ordinates, in which the turning moment is taken as the ordinate and crank angle as abscissa.  \n2.1 Turning Moment Diagram for a Single Cylinder Double Acting Steam Engine  \nSteam engine: A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work.  \nA turning moment diagram for a single cylinder double acting steam engine is shown in Fig. a. The vertical ordinate represents the turning moment and the horizontal ordinate represents the crank angle.  \nThe turning moment on the crankshaft is:  \n􀜶 = 􀜨􀯉 ∙ 􀝎 ∙ [sin 􀟠 + 2~~ ~~∙~~ ~~[s􀝊2i(~~ ~~2􀝏􀝅∙􀟠􀝊2)(􀟠)]1~~2~~]  \nWhere: FP is Piston effort, r is Radius of crank, n is Ratio of the connecting rod length and radius of crank, and θ is Angle turned by the crank from inner dead centre.  \nFig a. Turning moment diagram for a single cylinder, double acting steam engine.  \nFrom the above expression, we see that the turning moment (T) is zero, when the crank angle (θ) is zero. It is maximum when the crank angle is 90° and it is again zero when crank angle is 180° .  \nThis is shown by the curve abc in Fig. a and it represents the turning moment diagram for outstroke. The curve cde is the turning moment diagram for instroke and is somewhat similar to the curve abc.  \nSince the work done is the product of the turning moment and the angle turned, therefore the area of the turning moment diagram represents the work done per revolution. In actual practice, the engine is assumed to work against the mean resisting torque, as shown by a horizontal line AF. The height of the ordinate aA represents the mean height of the turning moment diagram. Since it is assumed that  \nthe work done by the turning moment per revolution is equal to the work done against the mean resisting torque, therefore the area of the rectangle aAFe is proportional to the work done against the mean resisting torque.  \nNotes:  \n1. When the turning moment is positive (i.e. when the eng","cbCailIXpeNs2gYM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailIXpeNs2gYM","pdf",546297,"English","# Introduction\n## The definition of flywheel\n## Applications of Flywheels\n## Flywheel material\n## Type of Flywheels\n# Turning Moment Diagrams and Flywheel\n## Turning Moment Diagram for a Single Cylinder Double Acting Steam Engine\n## Turning Moment Diagram for a Four Stroke Cycle Internal Combustion Engine","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of a flywheel in mechanical systems?\",\"answer\":\"A flywheel is designed to efficiently store rotational energy as kinetic energy, helping manage torque and energy variations during operation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do high-velocity and low-velocity flywheels differ?\",\"answer\":\"High-velocity flywheels operate roughly between 30,000 and 60,000 rpm (up to about 100,000 rpm) and use magnetic levitation bearings with lower maintenance, while low-velocity flywheels reach up to about 10,000 rpm and are heavier, require periodic maintenance, and need special concrete support.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the turning moment diagram represent and how is work obtained from it?\",\"answer\":\"The turning moment diagram graphically represents turning moment versus crank angle, with turning moment on the ordinate and crank angle on the abscissa. The area under the diagram over a revolution represents the work done per revolution, including work against mean resisting torque.\"}]","Turning Moment Diagrams and Flywheel | PDF"]