[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108128-en":3,"doc-seo-108128-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108128,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",8,"Research & Report","TÜRKIYE - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY","Türkiye faces significant vulnerability to climate change, prompting ambitious commitments including ratifying the Paris Agreement in October 2021 and targeting net zero emissions by 2053. The country is strengthening institutions through the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change and updating its National Climate Change Action Plan. Rising climate-related events and energy-market risks from disruptions after the war in Ukraine increase urgency. The Country Climate and Development Report examines opportunities and trade-offs for aligning climate action with growth, resilience, green-sector opportunities, and an inclusive transition while addressing macroeconomic volatility.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nTÜRKIYE  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nExecutive summary  \nAs a country that faces significant vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, Türkiye has made ambitious climate change commitments, ratifying the Paris Agreement in October 2021 and committing to net zero emissions by 2053. The country is establishing new institutional arrangements for climate change issues, including the recently formed Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change (MoEUCC), and is updating its National Climate Change Action Plan. The intensification of climate-related events in recent years—including floods, forest fires, and sea pollution—and the potential implications of the European Union (EU) Green Deal for Türkiye’s economy have contributed to the urgency of the country’s climate change agenda. Most recently, the war in Ukraine and attendant energy supply disruptions and price increases highlight risks for countries like Türkiye that rely on fossil fuel imports, underscoring the urgency of climate action in support of energy security and affordability.  \nThis Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and trade-offs for aligning Türkiye’s development goals with its recent commitments on climate change. It exploreshow climate action—in line with the country’s mitigation goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2053 as well as its adaptation and resilience needs—would affect Türkiye’s growth and development. It looks at how climate action can help achieve the country’s development objectives, capture opportunities offered by green technologies and sectors, protect the economy against longer-term risks, such as large-scale disasters or carbon lock-in as the world transitions toward reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and support a just and inclusive transition (figure S.1) .  \nFigure S.1: Türkiye’s development and climate objectives  \nTürkiye has made considerable development progress since 1990 , but macrofinancial volatility jeopardizes future progress. Rapid economic growth tripled income per capita to a peak of $12,000 in 2015, making Türkiye the world’s 19th largest economy. However, since 2016, macroeconomic shocks and adverse geopolitical events have slowed the country’s development progress. Unemployment has remained high—over 10 percent since 2015—and is compounded by low labor force participation, especially for women and youth. High labor informality persists, and, with a few exceptions, jobs are growing faster in low-productivity sectors. Foreign direct investment is estimated to have dropped from over 3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 to around 1 percent in 2019, with more than half going to real estate in the last two years. Low capital growth combined with low and declining total factor productivity growth have lowered potential growth to around 4 percent in 2021. In April 2022, consumer and producer price inflation reached a two-decade high of 70 and 122 percent year-over-year, respectively. While gross general government debt to GDP fell to a low of  \n28 percent in 2016, currency depreciation, COVID-19 outlays, and rising borrowing costs drove it to  \n42 percent in 2021, narrowing the government’s fiscal space.  \nAlthough the increase in Türkiye’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been slower than economic growth and its per capita emissions are lower than in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD) or EU countries, there is a strong case for a forceful mitigation agenda in Türkiye. The energy sector—which includes the power, transport, building, and industrial sectors—is the country’s single largest contributor to GHG emissions, accounting for three-quarters of total emissions. Türkiye’s power, transport, and agriculture sectors are less carbon-intensive than the EU average—partly due to the large penetration of renewable energy (RE) in Türkiye’s power s","cbCaifedk3VvanCA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifedk3VvanCA","pdf",1033798,4,1,12,"English","en",105,"# Executive summary\n## Climate commitments and urgency\n## Development context and macrofinancial risks\n## Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation priorities\n## Climate vulnerability and adaptation needs\n## Resilient and net zero pathways","[{\"question\":\"What climate commitments has Türkiye made in recent years?\",\"answer\":\"Türkiye ratified the Paris Agreement in October 2021 and committed to net zero emissions by 2053. It is also updating its National Climate Change Action Plan and establishing institutional arrangements through the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is climate action considered urgent for Türkiye?\",\"answer\":\"Climate-related events such as floods, forest fires, and sea pollution have intensified. Energy supply disruptions and price increases following the war in Ukraine also highlight risks for countries relying on fossil fuel imports, reinforcing the need for climate action tied to energy security and affordability.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report link climate objectives with Türkiye’s development goals?\",\"answer\":\"It explores opportunities and trade-offs in aligning development objectives with mitigation, adaptation, and resilience needs. It considers how climate action can support growth, capture opportunities from green technologies and sectors, and protect the economy from longer-term risks such as disasters or carbon lock-in.\"}]",1784468894,30,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"turkiye-executive-summary","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/turkiye-executive-summary/108128/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-31","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What climate commitments has Türkiye made in recent years?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Türkiye ratified the Paris Agreement in October 2021 and committed to net zero emissions by 2053. It is also updating its National Climate Change Action Plan and establishing institutional arrangements through the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why is climate action considered urgent for Türkiye?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Climate-related events such as floods, forest fires, and sea pollution have intensified. Energy supply disruptions and price increases following the war in Ukraine also highlight risks for countries relying on fossil fuel imports, reinforcing the need for climate action tied to energy security and affordability.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the report link climate objectives with Türkiye’s development goals?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It explores opportunities and trade-offs in aligning development objectives with mitigation, adaptation, and resilience needs. It considers how climate action can support growth, capture opportunities from green technologies and sectors, and protect the economy from longer-term risks such as disasters or carbon lock-in.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":121},"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]