[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108122-en":3,"doc-seo-108122-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108122,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",8,"Research & Report","TÜRKIYE CCDR - Background Note 2 - Cities, transport, and buildings","Climate change creates high-cost effects on city services, infrastructure, housing, and public health while cities also drive greenhouse gas emissions through transportation, building heating and cooling energy, electric street and building lighting, industrial processes, waste management, and embodied carbon in urban infrastructure. This background note consolidates analytical work for the Turkey Country Climate and Development Report, covering cities, transport, and buildings, and organizing the discussion into mitigation, adaptation, policy and capacity, finance mobilization, resilience, and investment-oriented building pathways.","TÜRKIYE CCDR  \nBackground Note 2  \nCities, transport, and buildings  \nSource: Simone D McCourtie / World Bank (flickr photo ID: SDM-TR-077)  \nThis background note was prepared for the Turkey Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR). It compiles analytical work on cities prepared by Joanna Masic, Augustin Maria, Chandan Deuskar, Marcus Lee, and with inputs from Somik Lall and Kremena Ionkova; on transport prepared by Andrew Losos and Luis Blancas, with inputs from Murad Gurmeric, Jamie Lee Brown, Sofia Guerrero Gamez, Elco Koks, and Ben Dickens; and on buildings prepared by Camilla Knudsen and Esther Naikal, withinputs from David Groves, Stéphane Hallegatte, Ommid Saberi, Jas Singh, Alanna Simpson, and Zahraa Saiyed. The part on cities was prepared with support from the City Climate Finance GAP Fund (GAP Fund).  \nTable of Contents  \nINTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................3  \nPART 1: CITIES .....................................................................................................................................................4  \n1.1. Urbanization and climate change mitigation ..........................................................................................4  \n1.2. Urbanization and climate change adaptation .........................................................................................6  \n1.3. Climate commitments, policies, and capacities: the role of cities..........................................................7  \n1.4. Mobilizing climate finance for low-carbon, climate-resilient urban development ................................8  \n1.5. Urban growth planning ...........................................................................................................................8  \n1.6. Solid waste management ........................................................................................................................9  \n1.7. Extreme urban heat ..............................................................................................................................10  \nPART 2: TRANSPORT .........................................................................................................................................11  \n2.1. Economic development and climate change mitigation in Turkey’s transportation sector .................11  \n2.2. Turkey’s Transport Sector Decarbonization Pathways .........................................................................13  \n2.3. Resilience of Turkey’s Primary Transport Networks .............................................................................16  \n2.4. Turkey Transportation Demand-Supply, Energy Consumption, and GHG Emissions Model................21  \nBasic description of the D-SEG model .....................................................................................................21  \nEconomic and investment need assessment ...........................................................................................24  \nCalibration to Turkey ...............................................................................................................................25  \nScenarios ..................................................................................................................................................26  \n2.5. Air pollution, road accidents, and congestion externalities..................................................................28  \nAir pollution .............................................................................................................................................28  \nAccidents..................................................................................................................................................29  \nCongestion ...................................................................................................................","cbCaihqf6DMmAfBR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihqf6DMmAfBR","pdf",1484540,4,1,41,"English","en",105,"# INTRODUCTION\n# PART 1: CITIES\n## Urbanization and climate change mitigation\n## Urbanization and climate change adaptation\n## Climate commitments, policies, and capacities: the role of cities\n## Mobilizing climate finance for low-carbon, climate-resilient urban development\n## Urban growth planning\n## Solid waste management\n## Extreme urban heat\n# PART 2: TRANSPORT\n## Economic development and climate change mitigation in Turkey’s transportation sector\n## Turkey’s Transport Sector Decarbonization Pathways\n## Resilience of Turkey’s Primary Transport Networks\n## Turkey Transportation Demand-Supply, Energy Consumption, and GHG Emissions Model\n## Air pollution, road accidents, and congestion externalities\n# PART 3: BUILDINGS\n## Building scenario exploration tool\n## Earthquake resilient and net zero buildings\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in Background Note 2 for the Turkey CCDR?\",\"answer\":\"It covers cities, transport, and buildings, including mitigation and adaptation themes, policy and capacity considerations, and building and infrastructure pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document explain cities’ role in climate change?\",\"answer\":\"It links city greenhouse gas emissions to transportation, energy use in buildings for heating and cooling, electric lighting, industrial processes, waste management, and embodied carbon in urban infrastructure.\"},{\"question\":\"Which transport elements are analyzed beyond decarbonization pathways?\",\"answer\":\"The note includes resilience of primary transport networks, a demand-supply and emissions modeling approach (D-SEG), and externalities such as air pollution, road accidents, and 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