[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-602921-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-602921-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","turkish-adaptation-of-online-teaching-effectiveness-scale-adaptation-and-validation-study","Turkish Adaptation of Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale - Adaptation and Validation Study","","The study adapts the Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale into Turkish and evaluates its psychometric performance through four sequential study groups. Translation-based adaptation is followed by language validity testing with interval applications, yielding Spearman correlations above .70. Subsequent pilot and confirmatory factor analyses using large samples support model fit, while reliability is examined with Cronbach’s Alpha and test-retest values. Results indicate the Turkish version is valid and reliable for use in online teaching effectiveness assessment.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/turkish-adaptation-of-online-teaching-effectiveness-scale-adaptation-and-validation-study/602921/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/turkish-adaptation-of-online-teaching-effectiveness-scale-adaptation-and-validation-study/602921.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To adapt the Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale into Turkish and examine its validity and reliability for assessing online teaching effectiveness.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is language validity ensured in the adaptation process?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Language validity is checked by applying the Turkish and English versions of the scale with participants over a two-week interval and analyzing Spearman’s rank order correlation results.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What evidence supports reliability of the Turkish version?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Reliability is assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha across dimensions and the total scale, along with test-retest values measured over a three-week interval.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},602921,1792165079,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Turkish Adaptation of Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale  \nMetin AŞÇI1  \nManisa Celal Bayar University  \nRemzi YILDIRIM2  \nManisa Celal Bayar University  \nAbstract  \nWith this study, it is aimed to adapt the Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale into Turkish Language. The adaptation process has been done within four study groups. The first group took part in the study after having the Turkish form of the scale as required according to the translation steps. The study has been done with the MCBU Faculty of Education during the 2021 Spring Term. With the first study group, language validity was ensured with 30 participants by applying the Turkish and English versions of the scale in an interval of two weeks. According to language validity findings the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation value has been found above .70. Then pilot study has been done with second group with 62 participants. The total correlation values of the items are between .55 and.80. The third group consisted of 436 participants and after second run the CFA results are found like that; χ² / df = 3.582, RMSEA = .80, SRMR = .35; CFI = .95; TLI = .94, NNFI = .95. With the third study group the validation study has been finished and continued to reliability study. The fourth and the last group which consisted of 96 participants and the applications has been done in an interval of three weeks. According to the Cronbach’s Alpha values each of the dimensions and the total of the scale have points between .70 and .97. The test – retest values are between .72 and .94. Based on the findings the Turkish version of the scale is valid and reliable for usage.  \nKeywords: Online Teaching, Distance Learning, Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness, Instructor Effectiveness  \nDOI: 10.29329/epasr.2020.373.15  \n1Assist. Prof. Dr., Faculty of Education, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0002-2526-0437  \nCorrespondence: [okan_metin@hotmail.com](okan_metin@hotmail.com)  \n2 Lecturer Dr., Faculty of Education, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0002-6918-5416, [Email: yildirimremzi@hotmail.com](Email: yildirimremzi@hotmail.com)  \nIntroduction  \nThe concept of distance learning can be defined as a flexible, contemporary, and effective learning style that largely removes time and space limitations and allows the use of different technologies in educational environments. Looking at the historical background of the concept, three main phases can be given. According to Jones (1996), the first of these is the traditional phase where student – teacher communication is achieved through correspondence. The second phase is known as industrialized multimedia education and has a sound and video predominant structure. The last phase is the period when computers and modem are used in education.  \nAt the point where technology has come to an end, it is seen that it has two important values such as computer and internet in teaching environments. When these two important values are brought together, they make many approaches that can be an alternative to physical space – oriented education such as school and classroom meaningful (Tuncer & Taşpınar, 2008) . The basic starting point of online education, which comes to life because of bringing the internet and computer together, is the phenomenon of interaction. In short, the fact that the source is the receiver, and the receiver is the source is the essence of the concept of interaction. The interactive teaching of the lessons between the teacher and the student has created interactive teaching technologies and therefore the internetbased distance education model has become an important service that is widely used today (Rovai & Barnum, 2003) .  \nWhile these changes in online education create changes in many aspects of the teaching process, especially the design and implementation stages of educational programs are also greatly affected by these changes. Considering the dimensions of the curricula, it can be s","cbCaiaZCYKi8gTxk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaZCYKi8gTxk","pdf",330277,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Distance learning concept and historical phases\n## Role of computer and internet in teaching environments\n## Curriculum dimensions and online education impact\n## User identification and web-based distance education requirements\n## Benefits and limitations of online education\n## Evaluation of online education practices","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To adapt the Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale into Turkish and examine its validity and reliability for assessing online teaching effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"How is language validity ensured in the adaptation process?\",\"answer\":\"Language validity is checked by applying the Turkish and English versions of the scale with participants over a two-week interval and analyzing Spearman’s rank order correlation results.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports reliability of the Turkish version?\",\"answer\":\"Reliability is assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha across dimensions and the total scale, along with test-retest values measured over a three-week interval.\"}]","Turkish Adaptation of Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale - Adaptation and Validation Study | PDF",1792095445,43]