[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108830-en":3,"doc-seo-108830-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108830,2336464648746,"Skyler","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Tunisia Public Expenditure Review - A New Pact for the Transition - Modernizing the State for Better and Fairer Public Spending","Tunisia’s Public Expenditure Review presents an overarching agenda to reshape public spending during the transition period. The overview report focuses on creating fiscal space for growth and equity, strengthening public sector performance, and building a more sustainable pension system. It also addresses social assistance reform toward targeted safety nets, improves education spending efficiency, and enhances health system effectiveness. The review further examines energy, water services, and land transport reforms to support competitiveness, jobs, and more inclusive, greener service delivery.","Public Disc losure Authorized  \nTunisia Public Expenditure Review A New Pact for the Transition  \nModernizing the State for Better and Fairer Public Spending  \nOverview Report  \nTo download the report  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nTunisia Public Expenditure Review  \nA New Pact for the Transition  \nModernizing the State for Better and Fairer Public Spending  \nOverview Report  \nContents  \nAcknowledgments v  \nExecutive Summary vii  \nIntroduction 1  \nChapter 1: To Turn the Tanker Around: Creating Fiscal Space  \nfor Growth and Equity-Enhancing Public Spending 5  \nChapter 2: The Mother of All Reforms: Improving the Performance  \nand Productivity of the Public Sector 9  \nChapter 3: Time for Change: Building a More Sustainable  \nand Equitable Pension System 15  \nChapter 4: Renewing the Social Assistance Contract: From Subsidies  \nto Targeted and Expanded Safety Nets 21  \nChapter 5: Tackling the Next Challenge on Education: Efficient  \nSpending for Learning 29  \nChapter 6: Better Care: Improving the Efficiency and Equity of the Health System 35  \nChapter 7: The Energy to Move Forward: Toward a More Efficient and Greener Electricity Supply 41  \nChapter 8: Valuation and Conservation: Toward More Secure  \nand Sustainable Water Services 47  \nChapter 9: Paving the Way Forward: Improving Land Transport Services  \nfor Competitiveness and Jobs 53  \nReferences 59  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \nFigure 1.1 GDP and export growth, 1980–2007 ....................................... 5  \nFigure 1.2 Key macroeconomic indicators, 2000–07 vs. 2008–10 ......................... 6  \nFigure 1.3 Fiscal deficit and public debt, 1990–2016 ................................... 7  \nFigure 2.1 Wage bill spending: international comparison ............................... 9  \nFigure 2.2 Government effectiveness and wage bill spending ........................... 10  \niv Public Expenditure Review: A New Pact for the Transition  \nFigure 2.3 Composition of wage bill spending (% total) ............................... 11  \nFigure 3.1 Determinants of pension cost: dependency and support ratios.................. 16  \nFigure 3.2 Pension deficit under the modernizing package ............................. 19  \nFigure 4.1 Energy subsidies received by welfare quintile, 2015/16 (TND millions) .......... 23  \nFigure 4.2 Food subsidies received by each welfare quintile, 2015/16 (TND millions) ....... 24  \nFigure 4.3 Social assistance expenditure as a share of GDP ............................. 25  \nFigure 4.4 Cash transfer coverage of poorest quintile (%), various dates................... 26  \nFigure 5.1 Gross and net enrollment rates (GER and NER) ............................ 29  \nFigure 5.2 Public spending in education ............................................ 30  \nFigure 5.3 Wage bill spending in public education .................................... 31  \nFigure 5.4 Student-to-teacher and student-to-administrative ratio ....................... 32  \nFigure 5.5 Repetition rates by governorate (primary, secondary, and high school) ........... 33  \nFigure 5.6 Dropout rates by governorate (secondary school) ............................ 34  \nFigure 6.1 Total health expenditure: international comparisons, 2012–15 averages (% of GDP) .......................................................... 36  \nFigure 6.2 Relative efficiency of health spending ..................................... 37  \nFigure 6.3 Input and functional allocation of health spending (all values represent share of spending in %) ..................................................... 38  \nFigure 6.4 Disparities in health services and spending ................................. 39  \nFigure 7.1 STEG technical losses,% of injected power ................................ 42  \nFigure 7.2 STEG borrowing ..................................................... 43  \nFigure 7.3 Gas turbines (GT) installed capacity and production,% of total ................ 44  \nFigure 8.1 Renewable water resources, cubic meters per ca","cbCaiaqcZvOwAZ7A","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaqcZvOwAZ7A","pdf",2866570,4,1,79,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Chapter 1: To Turn the Tanker Around: Creating Fiscal Space for Growth and Equity-Enhancing Public Spending\n# Chapter 2: The Mother of All Reforms: Improving the Performance and Productivity of the Public Sector\n# Chapter 3: Time for Change: Building a More Sustainable and Equitable Pension System\n# Chapter 4: Renewing the Social Assistance Contract: From Subsidies to Targeted and Expanded Safety Nets\n# Chapter 5: Tackling the Next Challenge on Education: Efficient Spending for Learning\n# Chapter 6: Better Care: Improving the Efficiency and Equity of the Health System\n# Chapter 7: The Energy to Move Forward: Toward a More Efficient and Greener Electricity Supply\n# Chapter 8: Valuation and Conservation: Toward More Secure and Sustainable Water Services\n# Chapter 9: Paving the Way Forward: Improving Land Transport Services for Competitiveness and Jobs\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the Tunisia Public Expenditure Review?\",\"answer\":\"The review outlines a transition-focused agenda to modernize public spending, improving equity, efficiency, and sustainability across key sectors.\"},{\"question\":\"Which reforms are proposed for pensions and social assistance?\",\"answer\":\"It calls for building a more sustainable and equitable pension system and renewing social assistance by shifting from generalized subsidies to targeted and expanded safety nets.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report address spending in education, health, energy, water, and transport?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes efficiency and equity in education and health, and evaluates reforms to make electricity supply more efficient and greener, water services more secure and sustainable, and land transport services more supportive of competitiveness and jobs.\"}]",1784474235,199,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"tunisia-public-expenditure-review-a-new-pact-for-the-transition-modernizing-the-state-for-better-and-fairer-public-spending","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/tunisia-public-expenditure-review-a-new-pact-for-the-transition-modernizing-the-state-for-better-and-fairer-public-spending/108830/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is the main objective of the Tunisia Public Expenditure Review?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The review outlines a transition-focused agenda to modernize public spending, improving equity, efficiency, and sustainability across key sectors.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Which reforms are proposed for pensions and social assistance?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It calls for building a more sustainable and equitable pension system and renewing social assistance by shifting from generalized subsidies to targeted and expanded safety nets.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the report address spending in education, health, energy, water, and transport?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It analyzes efficiency and equity in education and health, and evaluates reforms to make electricity supply more efficient and greener, water services more secure and sustainable, and land transport services more supportive of competitiveness and 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