[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108427-en":3,"doc-seo-108427-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108427,137441390410,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984",8,"Research & Report","Tunisia - Executive Summary - Climate Change and Development Report","Tunisia faces an economic slowdown amid political transitions, recurrent public spending pressures, rising fiscal and current account deficits, and escalating debt. Climate change adds significant risk through higher temperatures, reduced precipitation, sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion, more frequent extreme events, and resulting impacts on water, forests, agriculture, and coastal infrastructure. The report proposes a new economic model that elevates the private sector’s job creation role while the state focuses on regulation, high-return funding, and climate-resilient, decarbonizing investments.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nMIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA  \nTunisia Executive Summary  \nWorld Bank Group  \nNovember 2023  \nExecutive Summary  \nTunisia can reconcile a new economic model with the foundations for a durable, resilient development to accelerate economic recovery, secure jobs, and livelihoods in line with the government’s strategies.  \nTunisia is navigating a delicate economic situation amidst a changing political context. The political reforms that followed the 2011 revolution led to a lack of economic reforms and support to tackle pervasive barriers to investment, innovation, and economic activity. A series of negative shocks—including the conflict in Libya, terrorist attacks, and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and commodity price increases linked to the Russian invasion of Ukraine—exacerbated this fragility. As a result, economic growth slowed (averaging 1.4 percent between 2011 and 2022, down from 3.5 percent between 2000 and 2011), and progress on reducing poverty slowed. Rising unemployment and inflation exacerbated social demands and political instability, eventually leading to political changes in July 2021 that include a new constitution and the introduction of a presidential system. With a stagnating economy, Tunisia has increasingly relied on recurrent public expenditures to meet citizens’ needs without sufficiently tackling the root causes of economic problems. This rapid rise of recurrent expenditures, exacerbated by recent shocks, has led to growing fiscal and current account deficits as well as a mounting stock of debt that is increasingly difficult to finance.  \nTunisia’s economic challenges have been compounded by an increasing vulnerability to climate change. The country’s location makes it one of the most exposed to climate change in the Mediterranean region, with temperature increases expected to be accompanied by reduced and more variable precipitation; a rising sea level with saltwater intrusion; an increase in forest fires; and escalating extreme weather in the form of floods and droughts. These climate-linked effects will deplete natural resources, exacerbate water scarcity, and drive losses of agriculture and coastal infrastructure. Some of these effects are already taking a toll. Four years of drought conditions culminated in a significant drop in Tunisia’s agricultural production in 2022/23. Vulnerability to increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather events (especially flooding) and sea-level rise will also increase, as will the costs of coping with these risks. Some of these issues will drive energy demand (for example, for desalination, pumping, and cooling), resulting in higher emissions and air pollution while increasing dependency on imports.  \nThis Climate Change and Development Report (CCDR) establishes the case for a new economic model to address Tunisia’s challenging economic and social context and vulnerability to climate change. Building on extensive analyses and consultations (see Box 1 for our approach), the CCDR calls for a new model that emphasizes the role of the private sector in generating most jobs, while the state focuses on its regulating function, funding expenditures with the highest social and economic returns, and directing resources to interventions that are both economically and environmentally sustainable. The proposed model would involve major changes, such as using pricing to rationalize the consumption of resources and creating economic conditions that support private investments in climate adaptation and decarbonization. It would also involve a shift from recurrent public expenditures to public investments in adaptation and decarbonization.  \nii  \nTunisia Country Climate and Development Report  \nBox 1: About this Climate Change and Development Report  \nThis Climate Change and Development Report (CCDR) explores the relationship between Tunisia’s developm","cbCaikbYg3USjlXy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikbYg3USjlXy","pdf",601082,5,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Economic challenges and shocks\n## Climate change vulnerability and impacts\n## Proposed new economic model\n## About this Climate Change and Development Report\n## Inclusive approach and stakeholder engagement","[{\"question\":\"What main economic conditions does the executive summary describe for Tunisia?\",\"answer\":\"Tunisia’s growth has slowed, poverty reduction has weakened, and unemployment and inflation have increased. Rising recurrent expenditures have contributed to fiscal and current account deficits and a growing, harder-to-finance debt stock.\"},{\"question\":\"Which climate change risks are highlighted as most relevant to Tunisia?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights higher temperatures with less variable precipitation, sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion, more forest fires, and escalating extreme weather such as floods and droughts.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Climate Change and Development Report propose as a new economic model?\",\"answer\":\"It calls for a model that relies on the private sector for most job creation, with the state emphasizing regulation, funding the highest social and economic returns, and directing resources to interventions that are both economically and environmentally sustainable.\"}]",1784471166,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"tunisia-executive-summary-climate-change-and-development-report","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/tunisia-executive-summary-climate-change-and-development-report/108427/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What main economic conditions does the executive summary describe for Tunisia?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Tunisia’s growth has slowed, poverty reduction has weakened, and unemployment and inflation have increased. Rising recurrent expenditures have contributed to fiscal and current account deficits and a growing, harder-to-finance debt stock.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which climate change risks are highlighted as most relevant to Tunisia?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The report highlights higher temperatures with less variable precipitation, sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion, more forest fires, and escalating extreme weather such as floods and droughts.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What does the Climate Change and Development Report propose as a new economic model?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It calls for a model that relies on the private sector for most job creation, with the state emphasizing regulation, funding the highest social and economic returns, and directing resources to interventions that are both economically and environmentally sustainable.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]