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identify in the U.S. full truckload (FTL) market?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study highlights that the FTL market is fragmented, competitive, and large in scale, creating complexity for shippers to navigate procurement decisions effectively.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the study evaluate shipper procurement behaviors?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It develops a framework that groups behaviors into three categories—Technology, Process, and People—mapped to “Do you have it?”, “Do you use it?”, and “Do you share it?”.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What distinguishes “state-of-the-practice” from “state-of-the-art” in the findings?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Across interviewed shippers, the difference between state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art consisted of small changes in each evaluated category, suggesting incremental behavior shifts can improve 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\nBachelor of Science in Supply Chain & Information Systems, Pennsylvania State University 2019  \nSUBMITTED TO THE PROGRAM IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF  \nMASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT  \nAT THE  \nMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY  \nMay 2024  \n© 2024 Maria Lucchi. All rights reserved.  \nThe author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this capstone document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created.  \nSignature of Author:   Maria Lucchi  \nGraduate Student, MASc in Supply Chain Management May 10, 2024  \nCertified by:   Dr. Chris Caplice  \nExecutive Director, MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics; Founder and Co-Director, MIT FreightLab  \nCapstone Advisor  \nCertified by:   Dr. David Correll  \nCo-Director, MIT FreightLab  \nCapstone Co-Advisor Accepted by:  \nProf. Yossi Sheffi  \nDirector, Center for Transportation and Logistics Elisha Gray II Professor of Engineering Systems Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering  \nTruckload Procurement: From State-of-the-Practice to State-of-the-Art  \nby  \nMaria Lucchi  \nSubmitted to the Program in Supply Chain Management  \non May 10, 2024 in Partial Fulfillment of the  \nRequirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Supply Chain Management  \nABSTRACT  \nThe U.S. full truckload (FTL) market is uniquely challenging for shippers to navigate because of its high degree of market fragmentation, competitiveness, and magnitude. For these reasons, shippers have adopted various procurement behaviors to contend with the market’s complexities. This study aims to establish “state-of-the-practice” behaviors in full truckload procurement as well as highlight “state-of-theart” behaviors in full truckload procurement. Through surveys and semi-structured interviews with shippers of various industries and annual FTL spend sizes, data was collected on shipper practices in procurement strategy as well as the practices in the execution of that strategy. To evaluate shipper practices, a framework was developed to categorize behaviors into 3 categories: Technology, Process, and People. The Technology category focused on data availability and accessibility – “Do You Have It?” The Process category focused on an organization’s discipline to use its data – “Do You Use It?” Lastly, the People category focused on an organization’s willingness to share information with its business partners (carriers)– “Do You Share It?” Ultimately, the distinction between “state-of-the-practice” and “state-ofthe-art” across the shippers interviewed consisted of small differences in each category evaluated. Therefore, shippers could experience increased effectiveness in their full truckload procurement practices with only small changes in their behaviors.  \nTable of Contents  \n1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 1  \n1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................................................ 1  \n1.2 Sponsor Overview – Company A .........................................................................................................................2  \n1.3 Problem Statement & Research Questions ...........................................................................................................3  \n1.4 Project Goals & Expected Outcomes ...................................................................................................................4  \n2. STATE OF THE PRACTICE .................................................................................................................................5  \n2.1 Market Conditions ........","cbCaigUHfyW3BUQk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigUHfyW3BUQk","pdf",950754,45,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1 Motivation\n## 1.2 Sponsor Overview - Company A\n## 1.3 Problem Statement & Research Questions\n## 1.4 Project Goals & Expected Outcomes\n# 2. State of the Practice\n## 2.1 Market Conditions\n## 2.2 Overview of Truckload Procurement\n## 2.3 Overview of Truckload Procurement - Strategic Phase\n## 2.4 Overview of Truckload Procurement - Execution Phase\n# 3. Methodology\n## 3.1 Data Collection & Analysis\n## 3.2 Survey\n## 3.3 Semi-Structured Interviews\n# 4. Results\n## 4.1 Establishing \"State-of-the-Practice\"\n## 4.1.1 Technology - Do You Have It?\n## 4.1.2 Process - Do You Use It?\n## 4.1.3 People - Do You Share It?","[{\"question\":\"What challenge does the study identify in the U.S. full truckload (FTL) market?\",\"answer\":\"The study highlights that the FTL market is fragmented, competitive, and large in scale, creating complexity for shippers to navigate procurement decisions effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study evaluate shipper procurement behaviors?\",\"answer\":\"It develops a framework that groups behaviors into three categories—Technology, Process, and People—mapped to “Do you have it?”, “Do you use it?”, and “Do you share it?”.\"},{\"question\":\"What distinguishes “state-of-the-practice” from “state-of-the-art” in the findings?\",\"answer\":\"Across interviewed shippers, the difference between state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art consisted of small changes in each evaluated category, suggesting incremental behavior shifts can improve effectiveness.\"}]","Truckload Procurement - From State-of-the-Practice to State-of-the-Art | PDF",113]