[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-398048-105":59,"doc-detail-398048-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","triple-sugar-iron-agar-protocols-read-online-free","Triple Sugar Iron Agar Protocols - read online free","","Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar is a tubed differential medium used to determine carbohydrate fermentation patterns and hydrogen sulfide production. It differentiates bacteria by how they ferment glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and by whether they generate H2S, detected through iron sulfide formation. The medium’s slant and butt reflect aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, while phenol red records pH shifts during incubation to support interpretation such as K/A and A/A reactions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/triple-sugar-iron-agar-protocols-read-online-free/398048/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/triple-sugar-iron-agar-protocols-read-online-free/398048.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of TSI agar?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"TSI agar is used to determine carbohydrate fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production by detecting gas formation and pH changes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What carbohydrates does TSI contain and how do they relate to differentiation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"TSI contains glucose (0.1%), sucrose (1%), and lactose (1%). Fermentation of these carbohydrates produces characteristic slant/butt color patterns.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does TSI detect hydrogen sulfide production?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Some bacteria reduce sodium thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S reacts with ferric ions to form a black insoluble iron sulfide precipitate.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},398048,1790753815,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Triple Sugar Iron Agar Protocols  \n| |  \nCreated: Friday, 30 September 2005  \nAuthor • Donald Lehman  \nInformation History  \nIn 1911, Russell described the use of an agar medium with two sugars to aid in the identification of intestinal gram-negative bacilli. Because the ability of bacteria to produce hydrogen sulfide was recognized as a valuable characteristic, lead or iron salts were added to Russell’s Double Sugar medium by other investigators. Kliger added lead acetate and iron salts to detect hydrogen sulfide production and used phenol red as a pH indicator producing Kigler’s Iron Agar.  \nIn 1917, Krunweide and Kohn modified Russell’s Double Sugar agar by adding a third sugar—sucrose . The addition of sucrose permitted the earlier detection of coliform bacteria that ferment sucrose more rapidly than lactose. Adding sucrose also aided the identification of certain gramnegative bacteria that could ferment sucrose but not lactose .  \nIn 1940, Difco Laboratories, Sulkin and Willet, and Hajna described a similar triple sugar ferrous sulfate medium for the identification of enteric bacilli. The current formulation of triple sugar iron medium is essentially the same as Sulkin and Willet except that phenol red is used as the pH indicator instead of brom thymol blue, Tryptone has been replaced by a combination of Bacto Peptone and Proteose Peptone, and yeast extract has been added.  \nPurpose  \nTriple sugar iron (TSI) agar is a tubed differential medium used in determining carbohydrate fermentation and H2S production . Gas from carbohydrate metabolism can also be detected. Bacteria can metabolize carbohydrates aerobically (with oxygen) or fementatively (without oxygen) . TSI differentiates bacteria based on their fermentation of lactose, glucose and sucrose and on the production of hydrogen sulfide. TSI is most frequently used in the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, although it is useful for other gram-negative bacteria .  \nTheory  \nTSI contains three carbohydrates: glucose (0.1%), sucrose (1%), and lactose (1%) . TSI is similar to Kligler's iron agar, except that Kligler's iron agar contains only two carbohydrates: glucose (0.1%) and lactose (1%) . Besides the carbohydrates mentioned, the medium also contains  \nbeef extract, yeast extract, and peptones which are the sources of nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Phenol red is the pH indicator, and agar is used to solidify the medium . During preparation, tubes containing molten agar are angled. The slant of the medium is aerobic, while the deep (or butt) is anaerobic.  \nWhen any of the carbohydrates are fermented, the drop in pH will cause the medium to change from reddish-orange (the original color) to yellow . A deep red color indicates alkalization of the peptones. Sodium thiosulfate in the medium is reduced by some bacteria to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas. The hydrogen sulfide will react with ferric ions in the medium to produce iron sulfide, a black insoluble precipitate.  \nBased on carbohydrate utilization and hydrogen sulfide production, a TSI slant can be interpretted in several ways:  \nGlucose Fermenter. The tube reaction is alkaline over acid (K/A) signifying that only glucose is metabolized. The bacteria quickly metabolized the glucose, initially producing an acid slant and an acid butt (acid over acid; A/A) in a few hours. The Emben-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway was used both aerobically (on the slant) and anerobically (in the butt) to produce ATP and pyruvate. On the slant, the pyruvate was further metabolized to CO2 , H2O, and energy. After further incubation (18 hours) the glucose was consumed, and because the bacteria could not use lactose or sucrose, the peptones (amino acids) were utilized as an energy source aerobically, on the slant. Utilization of peptones causes the release of ammonia (NH3) increasing the pH resulting in the pH indicator, phenol red, turning from yellow to red. In the anerobic butt, the bacteria use the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathw","cbCaiuUGLW4znyvc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuUGLW4znyvc","pdf",186595,"English","# Purpose\n# Theory\n## Composition and indicators\n## Fermentation and H2S interpretation\n# Interpretation of TSI slants\n## Glucose fermenters (K/A)\n## Glucose, lactose and/or sucrose fermenters (A/A)\n## Glucose, lactose and sucrose nonfermenters (K/K or K/NC)","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of TSI agar?\",\"answer\":\"TSI agar is used to determine carbohydrate fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production by detecting gas formation and pH changes.\"},{\"question\":\"What carbohydrates does TSI contain and how do they relate to differentiation?\",\"answer\":\"TSI contains glucose (0.1%), sucrose (1%), and lactose (1%). Fermentation of these carbohydrates produces characteristic slant/butt color patterns.\"},{\"question\":\"How does TSI detect hydrogen sulfide production?\",\"answer\":\"Some bacteria reduce sodium thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S reacts with ferric ions to form a black insoluble iron sulfide precipitate.\"}]","Triple Sugar Iron Agar Protocols - read online free | PDF",1790470198,18]