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The sheet includes formulation per liter, preparation and autoclaving directions, precautions for laboratory use, quality control appearance and gel strength targets, and expected cultural responses with control strains at 35–37°C for 18–24 hours.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/triple-sugar-iron-agar-dm254-product-specification-sheet/398679/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/triple-sugar-iron-agar-dm254-product-specification-sheet/398679.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"วิน","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is Triple Sugar Iron Agar (DM254) used for?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It is used to differentiate microorganisms based on fermentation of dextrose, lactose, and sucrose and on hydrogen sulfide production.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the medium indicate carbohydrate fermentation and H2S production?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Phenol red shows carbohydrate fermentation by changing color from red to yellow and gas formation is observed. Hydrogen sulfide is detected by a precipitate that blackens the butt of the tube.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What are the preparation and incubation conditions specified for DM254?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Suspend 64.52 g per liter, heat with frequent agitation and boil for one minute, dispense into tubes and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes, cool in a slanted position. Expected cultural response is assessed at 35–37°C after 18–24 hours incubation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},398679,1790716213,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","PRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEET  \nTriple Sugar Iron Agar (DM254)  \nIntended Use  \nTriple Sugar Iron Agar (DM254) is used for the differentiation of microorganisms on the basis of dextrose, lactose, and sucrose fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production.  \nProduct Summary and Explanation  \nIn 1911, Russell described the use of two sugars in a medium to differentiate Gram-negative organisms of intestinal origin(1) Lead or iron salts were added to Russell’s medium to detect the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Kligler added lead acetate to Russell Double Sugar Agar, resulting in a medium capable of differentiating typhoid, paratyphoid, and dysentery(2,3) . A modification of this medium was developed, Kligler Iron Agar, using Phenol Red as an indicator and iron salts to detect hydrogen sulfide production. In 1940, Sulkin and Willett described a triple sugar ferrous sulfate medium for use in identification of enteric organisms(4) . Triple Sugar Iron Agar is essentially the formula originally described by Sulkin and Willett(4) . Hajna developed the formulation for TSI Agar by adding sucrose to the double sugar (dextrose and lactose) formulation of Kligler Iron Agar(10) . The addition of sucrose increased the sensitivity of the medium by facilitating the detection of sucrose-fermenting bacilli, as well as lactose and/or dextrose fermenters. Carbohydrate fermentation is detected by the presence of gas and a visible color change (from red to yellow) of the pH indicator, phenol red. The production of hydrogen sulfide is indicated by the presence of a precipitate that blackens the medium in the butt of the tube.  \nTriple Sugar Iron Agar is recommended for differentiation of enteric, Gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens, dairy samples, and food products(5-7) .  \nPrinciples of the Procedure  \nCasein enzymic hydrolysate , Peptic digest of animal tissue , Enriched with Yeast & Beef extract, provides the nitrogen, carbon, and vitamins required for organism growth. TSI Agar contains three sugars (dextrose, lactose and sucrose), phenol red for detecting carbohydrate fermentation and ferrous ammonium sulfate for detection of hydrogen sulfide production (indicated by blackening in the butt of the tube) . Carbohydrate fermentation is indicated by the production of gas and a change in the color of the pH indicator from red to yellow. To facilitate the detection of organisms that only ferment dextrose, the dextrose concentration is one-tenth the concentration of lactose or sucrose. The small amount of acid produced in the slant of the tube during dextrose fermentation oxidizes rapidly, causing the medium to remain red or revert to an alkaline pH. In contrast, the acid reaction (yellow) is maintained in the butt of the tube because it is under lower oxygen tension. After depletion of the limited dextrose, organisms able to do so will begin to utilize the lactose or sucrose(11) To enhance the alkaline condition of the slant, free exchange of air must be permitted by closing the tube cap loosely. If the tube is tightly closed, an acid reaction (caused solely by dextrose fermentation) will also involve the slant.  \nFormula / Liter  \n\n| Ingredients | Gms / Litre |\n| --- | --- |\n| Peptic digest of animal tissue | 10.00 |\n| Casein enzymic hydrolysate | 10.00 |\n| Yeast extract | 3.00 |\n| Beef extract | 3.00 |\n| Lactose | 10.00 |\n| Sucrose | 10.00 |\n| Dextrose | 1.00 |\n| Sodium chloride | 5.00 |\n| Ferrous sulphate | 0.20 |\n| Sodium thiosulphate | 0.30 |\n| Phenol red | 0.024 |\n| Agar | 12.00 |\n| Final pH: 7.4 ± 0.2 at 25°C |  |\n| Formula may be adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance specifications |  |\n\nPrecautions  \n-1-  \nPRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEET  \n1. For Laboratory Use only.  \n2. IRRITANT. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.  \nDirections  \n1. Suspend 64.52 g of the medium in one liter of deionised water.  \n2. Heat with frequent agitation and boil for one minute to completely dissolve the medium.  \n3. Dispense into ","cbCaioMp8XoW4VHH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioMp8XoW4VHH","pdf",154102,"English","# Intended Use\n# Product Summary and Explanation\n# Principles of the Procedure\n# Formula / Liter\n# Precautions\n# Directions\n# Quality Control Specifications\n# Expected Cultural Response","[{\"question\":\"What is Triple Sugar Iron Agar (DM254) used for?\",\"answer\":\"It is used to differentiate microorganisms based on fermentation of dextrose, lactose, and sucrose and on hydrogen sulfide production.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the medium indicate carbohydrate fermentation and H2S production?\",\"answer\":\"Phenol red shows carbohydrate fermentation by changing color from red to yellow and gas formation is observed. Hydrogen sulfide is detected by a precipitate that blackens the butt of the tube.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the preparation and incubation conditions specified for DM254?\",\"answer\":\"Suspend 64.52 g per liter, heat with frequent agitation and boil for one minute, dispense into tubes and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes, cool in a slanted position. Expected cultural response is assessed at 35–37°C after 18–24 hours incubation.\"}]","Triple Sugar Iron Agar (DM254) - Product Specification Sheet | PDF",1790488038,13]