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Source credit is requested but not required.  \nThis information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999;  \nteletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627.  \nThis publication is intended to provide information about OSHA’s Excavations standards at 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart P. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan. However, this publication is not itself a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations.  \nCover photo courtesy of Speed Shore Corp.  \nTrenching and Excavation Safety  \nU.S. Department of Labor  \nOccupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA 2226-10R 2015  \nTable of Contents  \nIntroduction  ........................................... 1  \nWhat is the difference between an excavation and a trench? ......................................... 1  \nWhat are the dangers of trenching and excavation operations? ................................. 1  \nWhat do the OSHA Excavation standards cover, and how do they protect workers?  ....................... 1  \nWhat are the soil classification categories? ................ 2  \nWhat is a competent person? ........................... 3  \nPre planning  ............................................ 3  \nWhy is preplanning important to excavation work?......... 3  \nWhat safety factors should be considered when bidding on a job? ...................................... 4  \nHow can employers avoid hitting underground utility lines and pipes during excavation work? ............ 4  \nProtective Systems  ..................................... 5  \nHow can employers prevent cave-ins?.................... 5  \nWhat types of protective systems can employers use to protect workers from cave-ins? .................... 5  \nWhat other precautions do employers need to take to protect workers from cave-ins? ................... 7  \nWhat are the requirements for safely installing and removing protective systems? ....................... 8  \nWhat do employers need to do to maintain materials and equipment used for protective systems? .............. 9  \nAdditional Hazards and Protections  ....................... 9  \nWhat other excavation hazards do employers need to address? ...................................... 9  \nWhat is the effect of water accumulation on  \nexcavation safety and what do employers need to do to protect workers from water-related excavation hazards? ... 10  \nHow can employers protect workers from hazardous atmospheres inside excavations? ....................... 11  \nWhat means of access and egress must  \nemployers provide?................................... 12  \nWhat protective equipment are employers required to provide to workers in pier holes and confined footing excavations? .......................... 12  \nWhen must employers conduct site inspections? ......... 12  \nConclusion  ............................................ 13  \nWorkers’ Rights  ....................................... 14  \nOSHA Assistance, Services and Programs  ................. 14  \nEstablishing an Injury and Illness Prevention Program ..... 15  \nCompliance Assistance Specialists ..................... 15  \nFree On-site Safety and Health Consultation Services for Small Business ....................................... 15  \nCooperative Programs .....","cbCaij2mfe13XDNj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij2mfe13XDNj","pdf",602789,28,"English","# Introduction\n## What is the difference between an excavation and a trench?\n## What are the dangers of trenching and excavation operations?\n## What do the OSHA Excavation standards cover, and how do they protect workers?\n## What are the soil classification categories?\n## What is a competent person?\n## Pre planning\n## Protective Systems\n## Additional Hazards and Protections\n## Conclusion\n## Workers’ Rights\n## OSHA Assistance, Services and Programs","[{\"question\":\"What is the difference between an excavation and a trench?\",\"answer\":\"An excavation is any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression formed by earth removal. A trench is a narrow excavation below the ground surface where depth is generally greater than width, and the trench bottom width is not greater than 15 feet (4.6 m).\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main dangers of trenching and excavation operations?\",\"answer\":\"Cave-ins present the greatest risk and are more likely than many other excavation-related incidents to lead to worker fatalities. Other hazards include falling loads, hazardous atmospheres, and hazards from mobile equipment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does OSHA’s Excavation standards help protect workers?\",\"answer\":\"The standards set requirements for excavation and trenching operations and emphasize safe work practices to protect workers from cave-ins and other hazards. The publication highlights key elements of those standards and explains safe procedures and responsibilities.\"}]","Trenching and Excavation Safety - OSHA 2226-10R 2015 - Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 | PDF",1790673454,71]