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By linking political and historical forces of the twentieth century to characters’ experiences, it highlights marginalized perspectives and the imbalance of what and who is remembered in Western contexts.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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and The Mountains Sing  \nBachelorarbeit im Kernfachstudiengang Anglistik/Amerikanistik  \nzur Erlangung des Grades Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)  \nder Philosophischen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf  \nvorgelegt von:  \nAnne Schulzki  \nMatrikel-Nr.   \nPrüfer*innen:  \nChristina Slopek, M.A.  \nUniv.-Prof. Dr. Birgit Neumann  \nTable of Contents  \n1 Introduction 3  \n2 Trauma Theory 5  \n2.1 Memory Studies 10  \n2.2 Trauma Depiction in Literature 13  \n3 Recognised Trauma in The Mountains Sing 15  \n4 Unrecognised Trauma in Pachinko 27  \n5 Conclusion 38  \nWorks Cited 41  \nTrauma in the Asian1 Anglophone Novels Pachinko and The Mountains Sing  \n1 Introduction  \nWhat exactly is ‘trauma’?‘Trauma’ is a term that is often heard and hence not necessarily new to most people. But when it comes to defining and understanding it, many struggle. Not because trauma is difficult to grasp as a concept, but rather because putting yourself in the shoes of someone suffering from trauma, especially when you yourself are not, is challenging. What helps overcome this challenge is reading about trauma, about people suffering from it and how it comes into existence. Caruth states that trauma is an individual experience (cf.“Introduction” 4-5) and can never be the same for anyone, even if the event triggering it is the same. Here in Germany and generally in Europe as well, World War II and Holocaust trauma are two major fields of trauma studies (cf. Craps,“Beyond Eurocentrism” 46) . In North America, especially the United States, two ofthe rather recent focuses of trauma studies are the American involvement in the Việt Nam2 War and 9/11 (cf. 46) . But what about other countries that do not belong to ‘the West’3? What about their trauma, their perspectives on traumatic experiences such as occupations, World War II and the Việt Nam War, and the aftermaths those have ensued? These are perspectives and experiences not often heard from in Western latitudes, but they still are perspectives and experiences that matter.  \nTwo novels that deal with such experiences and perspectives are Min Jin Lee’s Pachinko and Nguyễn Phan Quế Mai’s The Mountains Sing. Both novels have not been released for long, with The Mountains Sing having been published just in 2020, meaning that not much research has been done on them, and especially very little, if any, regarding trauma representation. However, both novels’ stories take place in the 20th century and they both deal with trauma in their own ways. Pachinko is a multigenerational tale about a Korean woman that immigrates to Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea and the life and hardships of her family in the following decades. The Mountains Sing also follows a family’s story through decades, this time a family from North Việt Nam, spanning over occupations, the American War in Việt Nam4 , and its aftermath. Both Asian families can be considered ordinary families who need to work hard in order to survive.  \n1 This is an umbrella term, or as Kain explains “a heading which obviously embraces a tremendous breadth of peoples, cultures, languages, etc.”(1) and thereby also tends excludes some.  \n2 Instead of the English spelling ‘Vietnam’, the Vietnamese syntax will be used in this thesis.  \n3 Refers to the geographical locations including Europe, North America and Australia that are often referenced as First World countries, which oppose Third World, often non-white geographical locations.  \n4 In the West generally referred to as the Vietnam War, this thesis will use the Vietnamese labelling.  \nThey undergo traumatic experiences during their lives, mostly triggered by political and historical events happening in the respective countries they are living in. That is also the reason for choosing these two novels, as they both not only take place in the 20th century and have the effects of some historical events in common, but by choosing two novels set in two different Asian","cbCaij5rbsQhUB8K","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij5rbsQhUB8K","pdf",460062,43,"English","# Introduction\n# Trauma Theory\n## Memory Studies\n## Trauma Depiction in Literature\n# Recognised Trauma in The Mountains Sing\n# Unrecognised Trauma in Pachinko\n# Conclusion\n# Works Cited","[{\"question\":\"How does the thesis define and frame “trauma” in the literary context?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses trauma theory and emphasizes that trauma is an individual experience that cannot be the same for everyone, even when triggered by the same event.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main contrast between the two novels regarding trauma depiction?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis identifies recognized trauma in The Mountains Sing and unrecognized trauma in Pachinko, showing different ways trauma manifests and is handled across narratives.\"},{\"question\":\"How do twentieth-century historical and political events influence characters’ trauma and memory?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis links trauma to political and historical events in the characters’ countries, arguing that these forces shape how trauma is experienced and remembered across generations.\"}]","Trauma in the Asian Anglophone Novels Pachinko and The Mountains Sing - Bachelorarbeit | PDF",108]