[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-625580-105":59,"doc-detail-625580-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","transportation-implications-of-land-development-in-a-transitional-economy-evidence-from-housing-relocation-in-beijing","Transportation Implications of Land Development in a Transitional Economy - Evidence from Housing Relocation in Beijing","","Research quantifies how land and housing reforms in Chinese cities reshape the workplace–residence relationship and thereby alter transportation behavior, using Beijing as the case study. Based on a 1996 housing relocation survey, commuting time for relocated households rises by 30% as they move from prior and central locations toward suburban districts. The findings partly explain increased demand for motorized travel and escalating congestion, highlighting urban growth strategies as a way to prevent further deterioration while reforms continue.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/transportation-implications-of-land-development-in-a-transitional-economy-evidence-from-housing-relocation-in-beijing/625580/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/transportation-implications-of-land-development-in-a-transitional-economy-evidence-from-housing-relocation-in-beijing/625580.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Noah","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study examine in Beijing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines how land and housing reforms change the workplace–residence relationship and how that shift affects transportation outcomes in Beijing.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the key quantified result from the 1996 survey?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Commuting time increases by 30% for relocated households moving away from previous housing locations and central districts toward suburban districts.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the study link these results to congestion and transport demand?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The longer commuting trips help explain increased demand for motorized transportation and provide part of the reasoning behind today’s serious congestion in Chinese cities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},625580,1792531633,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":46},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Transportation Implications of Land Development in a Transitional Economy  \nEvidence from Housing Relocation in Beijing  \nJiawen Yang  \nThis research reveals and quantifies the transportation impacts of the changing workplace–residence relationship stemming from land and housing reforms in Chinese cities, with Beijing as the study case. Evidence from a 1996 housing relocation survey indicates that commuting time increases by 30% as households move away from previous housing locations and from central districts to suburban districts. This finding partially explains the demand for motorized transportation and the congestionin today’s Chinese cities. The research also reveals the importance of urban growth strategies in preventing congestion from worsening as urban growth continues.  \nResearchers and planning professionals have identified various factors contributing to the increased travel demand and serious congestion in Beijing, including population growth, increasing private automobile ownership, the inefficient operation of existing transport systems, and the fact that many pedestrians, bicyclists, and new drivers disregard road rules (1). Particular attention has been given to the rapid increase in the use of motorized vehicles. Since 1990 the annual increase in automobiles in Beijing has been 10% to 15%, and by the end of 2003, the number of registered vehicles had increased to 2 million.  \nThis work hypothesizes that the changing workplace–home relationship in Beijing stemming from land and housing reforms is increasing travel demand significantly. The research addresses aspecific question: To what extent does this changing relationship increase demand? The paper presents results from a housing relocation survey that suggest that commuting time increases by 30% for relocated households.  \nThe relationship between urban transportation and workplace– home balance has been well studied in the United States (2) . From a historical perspective, the increase in commuting trip lengths coexists with job and residence decentralization (3) . However, whether commuting time increases can be attributed to the changing workplace–home relationship and whether urban growth strategies can be used to correct transportation problems are debatable. Some studies have revealed that land development patterns in terms of job–housing balance or job accessibility are significant in explaining commuting variation in metropolitan areas (4–6 ); this finding suggests that urban growth strategies can help correct today’s transportation problems. However, other researchers have argued that the link between transportation and urban spatial structure might not be  \nProgram of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Architecture Building East, Room 204, Atlanta, GA 30332-0155.  \nTransportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1954, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. , 2006, pp. 7–14.  \nstrong enough to justify an urban growth strategy (7 ) and that land use strategies would be expensive and inefficient ways of correcting today’s urban transportation problems (8) .  \nAlthough the U.S. literature provides valuable documents that quantify transportation–land use connections in a stable market economy, such connections in urban China, a transitional economy, have not been well examined. The qualitative assessments that do exist, however, suggest that this connection could be significant. For example, as Shen notes, the evolution from a free allocation to a marketbased housing system in the 1980s tended to increase the spatial separation of job and home sites, thereby lengthening commuting trips (9). Before the reforms, the housing allocation system in China assigned workers to housing units that were close to their workplaces. After the introduction of the land and housing reforms, however, commercialized housing development came into being. The new institutional environment","cbCaif8ALqcMG7We","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif8ALqcMG7We","pdf",408872,"English","# Transportation Impacts of Land Development\n## Evidence from Beijing Housing Relocation Survey\n## Factors Behind Rising Travel Demand and Congestion\n## Urban Growth Strategies and Policy Implications","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine in Beijing?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how land and housing reforms change the workplace–residence relationship and how that shift affects transportation outcomes in Beijing.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the key quantified result from the 1996 survey?\",\"answer\":\"Commuting time increases by 30% for relocated households moving away from previous housing locations and central districts toward suburban districts.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study link these results to congestion and transport demand?\",\"answer\":\"The longer commuting trips help explain increased demand for motorized transportation and provide part of the reasoning behind today’s serious congestion in Chinese cities.\"}]","Transportation Implications of Land Development in a Transitional Economy - Evidence from Housing Relocation in Beijing | PDF"]