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It covers global warming status and related international frameworks, highlights current conditions such as emissions, waste and recycling, and then details countermeasures including energy-saving legislation, truck and bus emission actions, and recycling-oriented initiatives. 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Unique terminology and phrases which cannot be understood without knowledge of the societal background and conditions involved in the Japanese transport environment have been replaced with appropriate English expressions without being constrained by the original Japanese expressions. However, no additional explanations or additional text has been inserted, and, wherever possible, the tentative translation is faithful to the original text.  \nThis document is published on the Eco-Mo Foundation website ([http://www.ecomo.or.jp/](http://www.ecomo.or.jp/)) and available for download. We hope that it may serve of assistance with the implementation of transport environment measures in the reader’s own country.  \nTable of Contents  \nⅠ.Developments Related to Environmental Issues in 2022 ………………… 1  \nⅡ.Current Status of Major Environmental Problems of the Transport Sector ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2  \n1 Current status of global environmental problems ………………………………………… 2  \n(1) Current status of global warming ………………………………………………………………… 2  \n(2) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement……… 5  \n(3) Current status of global warming issues in Japan…………………………………………… 9  \n(4) Current status of global warming issues in the transport sector ……………………… 11  \n（Column: Automobile ownership rates around the World） ………………………………… 15  \n2 Current status of automobile gas emissions………………………………………………… 16  \n3 Current status of waste and recycling ………………………………………………………… 17  \nⅢ.Measures in Response to Major Environmental Problems of the Transport Sector ………………………………………………………………………………… 20  \n1 Promotion of global warming countermeasures …………………………………………… 20  \n(1) Transport sector countermeasures ……………………………………………………………… 20  \n（Column: Definition of the levels and the status of initiatives regarding autonomous driving） …… 26 （Column: Air Environment-friendly SS (e→AS)） ……………………………………………… 27  \n（Column: Effectiveness of car sharing in reducing environmental impact） …………… 43  \n(2) Energy Saving Act-based measures……………………………………………………………… 44  \n(3) International maritime and air transport sector countermeasures ……………………… 47  \n（Column: Emissions trading system measures） ……………………………………………… 48  \n2 Promotion of emissions gas measures for trucks and busses (diesel vehicles), etc.… 49  \n(1) Promotion of emissions gas measures for diesel vehicles………………………………… 49  \n(2) Appropriately maintained vehicle usage and appropriate fuel usage guidance……… 51  \n3 Creation of a recycling-oriented society ……………………………………………………… 52  \n(1) Creation of recyclable resource distribution systems ……………………………………… 52  \n(2) Creation of vehicle recycling system …………………………………………………………… 53  \n(3) Ship recycling …………………………………………………………………………………………… 54  \n4 Measures by local governments, companies, citizens’ organizations, etc.…… 55  \n(1) Measures by local governments…………………………………………………………………… 55  \n(2) Measures by companies in the transport sector …………………………………………… 58  \n(3) Measures by citizens’ organizations……………………………………………………………… 67  \n（Column: Nationwide Bus Map Summit (Bus map creation initiative by citizens)）…… 68  \n(4) Measures by the Eco-Mo Foundation …………………………………………………………… 69  \nⅣ.Measures in Response to Other Environmental Issues……………………… 78  \n1 Noise related measures………………………………………………………………………………… 78  \n(1) Aut","cbCaieoMzl0MNWyF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieoMzl0MNWyF","pdf",25033270,100,"English","# Developments Related to Environmental Issues in 2022\n# Current Status of Major Environmental Problems of the Transport Sector\n## Current status of global environmental problems\n## Current status of automobile gas emissions\n## Current status of waste and recycling\n# Measures in Response to Major Environmental Problems of the Transport Sector\n## Promotion of global warming countermeasures\n## Promotion of emissions gas measures for trucks and busses (diesel vehicles), etc.\n## Creation of a recycling-oriented society\n## Measures by local governments, companies, citizens’ organizations, etc.\n# Measures in Response to Other Environmental Issues\n## Noise related measures\n## Sea pollution countermeasures\n## Ship exhaust gas emissions countermeasures\n## Chemical substances countermeasures\n## Ozone layer destruction prevention\n## Global environmental observation and monitoring\n## Adaptation Measures for Climate Change in the Land, Infrastructure and Transport Sectors\n# List of Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"What period and scope does Transport and Environment in Japan 2023 cover?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes developments related to environmental issues in 2022 and presents the current status and policy measures affecting Japan’s transport sector, along with other environmental issue responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main categories of environmental problems addressed?\",\"answer\":\"The document first focuses on global warming and related transport-sector issues such as emissions and waste/recycling, then extends to noise, sea pollution, ship exhaust gases, chemical substances, ozone layer protection, environmental observation, and climate-change adaptation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document present its measures and initiatives?\",\"answer\":\"It organizes measures by major problem area, including countermeasures under energy-saving legislation, emissions actions for diesel vehicles, recycling-oriented society creation, and actions by local governments, companies, citizens’ organizations, and the Eco-Mo Foundation.\"}]","Transport and Environment in Japan 2023 - Annual overview and policy measures | PDF",252]