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A scoping review screened 363 studies and selected those detailing transcutaneous or transconjunctival transorbital surgical techniques in peer-reviewed settings. Four transcutaneous transorbital approaches are synthesized, including eyelid-crease and transconjunctival variants, with emphasis on historical origins, indications, contraindications, and outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/transorbital-neuroendoscopic-approaches-historical-and-tactical-review-of-orbital-corridors-a-scoping-review/445179/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/transorbital-neuroendoscopic-approaches-historical-and-tactical-review-of-orbital-corridors-a-scoping-review/445179.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the goal of the review on transorbital neuroendoscopic approaches?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The review aims to describe transorbital approaches and summarize their historical origins, tactical use, indications, and contraindications for orbital corridors extending to the cranium.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How were studies selected for the scoping review?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"A PubMed search on January 14, 2024 screened 363 articles. Included studies described surgical techniques, indications, contraindications, or complications, involved human or cadaveric subjects, provided detailed procedural/anatomical information, and were peer-reviewed.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Which transorbital approaches are discussed in the results?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The review discusses four transcutaneous transorbital approaches: superior eyelid crease (SLC) and upper eyelid approaches, lateral (retrocanthal) transorbital approach, inferior (preseptal) transconjunctival approach, and medial (transcaruncular) orbitotomy approach.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},445179,1790710538,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Article published online: 2025-02-24  \n94 Original Article   \nTHIEME  \nTransorbital Neuroendoscopic Approaches: Historical and Tactical Review of Orbital Corridors: A Scoping Review  \nRose Fluss 1 Muhammed Amir Essibayi 1 KiChang Kang 1 Daniel Popoola 1 Dileep D. Monie 1 Patrick Colley 1 Vijay Agarwal 1  \n1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Leo M. Davidoff, Bronx, New York, United States  \nJ Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2026;87:94–100.  \nAddress for correspondence KiChang Kang, MD, Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Leo M. Davidoff, Bronx, NY 10467, United States (e-mail: kkang@montefi[ore.org](ore.org)).  \nAbstract  \nKeywords  \n► endoscopic neurosurgery  \n► minimally invasive  \n► transorbital approach  \n► neurosurgery  \nIntroduction The orbit is a useful corridor underutilized by the neurosurgical community. The aim of this manuscript is to describe this well-established approach in the neurosurgeon’s tool box.  \nMethods Ascoping review of363articles containingtransorbital neuroendoscopic surgical approaches were reviewed by two independent reviewers for inclusion in this report. Results Discussed here are the four transcutaneous transorbital approaches, including the superior eyelid crease (SLC), and upper eyelid approaches, lateral (retrocanthal) transorbital approach, inferior (preseptal) transconjunctival approach, and the medial (transcaruncular) orbitotomy approach.  \nConclusion This practical review will highlight the surgical approaches, historical origins, indications, and contraindications of all the orbital corridors to the cranium.  \nIntroduction  \nTransorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) has emerged as a minimally invasive approach for accessing the intracranium. By utilizing either a transorbital or transcutaneous entry point, surgeons can perform open or endoscope-assisted procedures on various skull base and intraorbital pathologies. The evolution of both techniques and technology has allowed the expansion of indications from initially orbital lesions to now include tumors, vascular lesions, and other pathologies  \nthroughout the anterior and middle cranial skull base.  \nTranscutaneous transorbital approaches, including the suprabrow, superior eyelid crease (SLC), and upper eyelid approaches, utilize small incisions and dissection planes superficial to the periorbita for bone flap elevation of the orbital roof or lateral wall. Transconjunctival transorbital techniques, such as the preseptal, retroseptal, and transcutaneous transconjunctival approaches, allow access by  \nreceived  \nSeptember 13, 2024 accepted  \nDecember 16, 2024 article published online February 24, 2025  \nDOI [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.1055/a-2525-5851.](10.1055/a-2525-5851.)[ ](10.1055/a-2525-5851.)[ISSN](ISSN 2193-6331.)[ 2193-6331.](ISSN 2193-6331.)  \ndiscretely progressing between the conjunctiva and orbital septum.  \nMethods  \nSearch Strategy  \nA comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed database on January 14, 2024, to identify relevant articles describing transorbital neuroendoscopic surgical approaches. The following search terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used in various combinations: “transorbital,”“superior eyelid crease,” “orbitotomy,” “transconjunctival,”“retrocanthal,” “transcaruncular,” “neuroendoscopic surgery,”“TONES,” “minimally invasive,” “skull base.” The search was limited to articles published in the English language. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) Described surgical techniques, indications, contraindications, or complications of transcutaneous or transconjunctival transorbital  \n© 2025 . The Author(s) .  \nThis is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited.([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://cre","cbCaipUfGEHSHRAj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipUfGEHSHRAj","pdf",2789273,"English","# Introduction\n## Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES)\n# Methods\n## Search strategy\n## Data extraction and analysis\n## Study screening criteria\n# Results\n## Four transorbital approaches\n## Superior eyelid crease approach","[{\"question\":\"What is the goal of the review on transorbital neuroendoscopic approaches?\",\"answer\":\"The review aims to describe transorbital approaches and summarize their historical origins, tactical use, indications, and contraindications for orbital corridors extending to the cranium.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected for the scoping review?\",\"answer\":\"A PubMed search on January 14, 2024 screened 363 articles. Included studies described surgical techniques, indications, contraindications, or complications, involved human or cadaveric subjects, provided detailed procedural/anatomical information, and were peer-reviewed.\"},{\"question\":\"Which transorbital approaches are discussed in the results?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses four transcutaneous transorbital approaches: superior eyelid crease (SLC) and upper eyelid approaches, lateral (retrocanthal) transorbital approach, inferior (preseptal) transconjunctival approach, and medial (transcaruncular) orbitotomy approach.\"}]","Transorbital Neuroendoscopic Approaches - Historical and Tactical Review of Orbital Corridors: A Scoping Review | PDF",18]