[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-380756-105":59,"doc-detail-380756-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","translocator-protein-18-kda-tspo-a-promising-molecular-target-for-image-guided-surgery-of-solid-cancers","Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) - A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers","","The translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and involved in steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Evidence links TSPO expression to aggressive cancer phenotypes and poor prognosis across multiple tumor types. Radioligands targeting TSPO have been developed and some have entered clinical trials. Hybrid radioactive-fluorescence probes show promise as surgical navigators, yet TSPO-targeted image-guided surgery remains limited, motivating this review.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/translocator-protein-18-kda-tspo-a-promising-molecular-target-for-image-guided-surgery-of-solid-cancers/380756/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/translocator-protein-18-kda-tspo-a-promising-molecular-target-for-image-guided-surgery-of-solid-cancers/380756.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"awa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is TSPO and where is it mainly located?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"TSPO is a mitochondrial membrane protein located predominantly in the outer mitochondrial membrane and in brain glial cells.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is TSPO considered relevant to solid cancers?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"TSPO participates in processes tied to carcinogenesis and its expression is reported to be upregulated in cancer cells, correlating with aggressive phenotypes and poorer prognosis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does TSPO targeting support image-guided surgery?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Radioligands and hybrid probes designed to target TSPO can enable visualization during surgery, and hybrid radioactive-fluorescence approaches have shown promising results in animal and human studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},380756,1790560141,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747858093,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Adv Pharm Bull, 2024, 14(1), 86-104 doi: 10.34172/apb.2024.015  \n[https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir](https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir)  \nTUOMSP RESS  \nReview Article  \nTranslocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers  \nHendris Wongso1,2* ID , Ahmad Kurniawan1, Yanuar Setiadi3, Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum1, Eva M. Widyasari1, Teguh H. A. Wibawa1, Isa Mahendra1,2, Muhamad B. Febrian1, Maula E. Sriyani1, Iim Halimah1, Isti Daruwati1,2,4, Rudi Gunawan1,2,4, Arifudin Achmad2,5,6, Dwianto H. Nugraha7, Ronny Lesmana8,9,10, Ari S. Nugraha11,12  \n1 Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia  \n2 Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia  \n3 Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia  \n4 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia  \n5 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161 6Oncology and Stem Cells Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161  \n7Technology Development Division, PT. Kalbe Farma, Jakarta, Indonesia  \n8 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia 9 Physiology Molecular, Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia 10 Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia  \n11 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia 12School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia  \nArticle info Article History:  \nReceived: May 1, 2023  \nRevised: August 26, 2023  \nAccepted: October 8, 2023  \nepublished: October 14, 2023  \nKeywords:  \nCancers, Image-guided surgery, Molecular target, Translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO)  \nAbstract  \nThe translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is previously identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Furthermore, it plays a significant role in a diverse range of biochemical processes, including steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several investigations also reported its roles in various types of cancers, including colorectal, brain, breast, prostate, and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. According to a previous study, the expression of TSPO was upregulated in cancer cells, which corresponds to an aggressive phenotype and/or poor prognosis. Consequently, the potential for crafting diagnostic and prognostic tools with a focus on TSPO holds great potential. In this context, several radioligands designed to target this protein have been identified, and some of the candidates have advanced to clinical trials. In recent years, the use of hybrid probes with radioactive and fluorescence molecules for image-guided surgery has exhibited promising results in animal and human studies. This indicates that the approach can serve as a valuable surgical navigator during cancer surgery. The current hybrid probes are built from various molecular platforms, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Although several TSPO-targeted imaging probes have been developed, their development for image-guided surgery of cancers is still limited. Therefore, this review aims to highli","cbCaicTE8DaHF1Y2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicTE8DaHF1Y2","pdf",7391165,"English","# Introduction\n# TSPO in cancer biology\n# TSPO as a molecular imaging target\n# Hybrid probes for image-guided surgery\n# Review aim and perspective","[{\"question\":\"What is TSPO and where is it mainly located?\",\"answer\":\"TSPO is a mitochondrial membrane protein located predominantly in the outer mitochondrial membrane and in brain glial cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is TSPO considered relevant to solid cancers?\",\"answer\":\"TSPO participates in processes tied to carcinogenesis and its expression is reported to be upregulated in cancer cells, correlating with aggressive phenotypes and poorer prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does TSPO targeting support image-guided surgery?\",\"answer\":\"Radioligands and hybrid probes designed to target TSPO can enable visualization during surgery, and hybrid radioactive-fluorescence approaches have shown promising results in animal and human studies.\"}]","Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) - A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers | PDF",1790241898,48]